PrepTest 102 - Section 1 - Passage 3 - Question 19

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Even in the midst of its resurgence as a vital tradition, many sociologists have viewed the current form of the powwow, a ceremonial gathering of native Americans, as a sign that tribal culture is in decline. ███

Sociologists' Argument · Tribal culture is in decline

Sociologists' Argument · Intertribal movement will erode dissolve tribes and result in broader assimilation into mainstream American culture

Sociologists' Argument · Pan-Indian Theory

Sociologists believe that greater intertribal activity, greater urbanization, and increasing politicization result in greater intertribalism.

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Concession · Intertribalism has been increasing

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Critique (of Sociologists) · But unique tribal traditions have been increasingly revitalized as well

Examples · Revival of the Sun Dance; of traditional societies

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Critique (of Sociologists) · The change is more complex than just intertribalism and assimilation

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Critique · of Pan-Indian theory's assumption

The sociologists' theory assumes that minority culture will succumb to majority culture upon contact. But there's no evidence that's true.

Concession · It's true that intertribal activities are important now

For example, intertribal dances; intertribal speeches (delivered in English).

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Critique · But that misses the point

Culture borrowing has always happened. What's important is that tribes are consciously making efforts to distinguish themselves.

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Main Point · Tribalism is still very powerful

Intertribalism doesn't threaten tribalism. It reinforces native American identity along a broader front.

Passage Style

Critique or debate

19.

With which one of the █████████ ██████████ █████ ███ ██████ ██ ███ ███████ ██ ████ ██████ ██ ██████

The resurgence of ███ ██████ ██ █ ████ ████ ██████ ████████ ███████ ███ █████████ ██ ████ ██ █████████ █████████ ██ ████████████ ████████

The author has not expressed an opinion on this. The passage does not state or suggest that native American customs are having any influence on Euroamerican society.

Although native Americans ████ █████████ ████████████ ███████ ██████ ███ ███████████ ███████████ █████ ██ ██ ██████████ ██ ███ ███ ███ █████ ██ ████████ ████████ ████████ ██████ ███ ███████ ██ ██████ ████████ ████████

The author disagrees with this. The author believes that there is a difference in how the two types of activity function within native American society. Tribalism maintains specific cultural distinctions between tribes, while intertribalism helps maintain the broader distinction between Native American and Euroamerican identity.

11%

Without intertribal activities, ██ █████ ██ ████ █████████ ███ ██████ █████████ ██ ████████ ███ ████████ ███████████ ███████ ██████ ████████ ███ ████████████ ████████

The author agrees with this. The author's view is that tribalism and intertribalism are complementary. Tribalism maintains specific cultural distinctions between tribes, while intertribalism helps maintain the broader distinction between Native American and Euroamerican identity. Both are portrayed as important for cultural preservation in different contexts.

42%

The powwow was ████████ ████████ █████ ██ ████████ ███████ ██ █████ ██ ██████████ ██████ ██████████ █████ ██ ██████ █████████

The author has not expressed an opinion on this. The passage mentioned that the powwow is experiencing a "resurgence as a vital tradition," but was it after a hiatus? Unclear. Separately, the passage stated that "the Sun Dance was revived after a forty-year hiatus" but that's not to be confused with a powwow.

13%

The degree of █████████████ ███████████ ██████████████ ███ ██████████████ █████ ██████ █████████ ███ ████ ███████████ ██ ██████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ ██████████████

The author has not expressed an opinion on this. The Pan-Indian sociologists cite urbanization, intertribal communication, and politicization among native Americans as causes of intertribalism. The author does not dispute this account.

31%

PrepTest 102 - Section 1 - Passage 3 - Question 19

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