Self-study
First legislator: Medical research is predominantly done on groups of patients that include only men. ███ ████████ ███ ███████ ██ ██████ ████████ ██ ██████ ███ █████████ ████ ███ ████ ███ ███████ ███ ███████ ██ ███████ ██████████ ███ █████ ██████ ████████████████████ ███████ ████████ ██████ ██ ████████ ██ ███████ ███████ ██ ██████
██████ ███████████ ██████████████ ██ ███████████ ███████ ████ ██ ████ ███ █████████████ ████ ███████ ██ █████████ ████ ████ ██ █████ ██ ████████
Summarize Argument
The second legislator doesn't make an argument, but simply states the claim that considerations of male/female balance have no place in science
Notable Assumptions
The second legislator assumes that considerations of male/female balance wouldn’t meaningfully affect the outcomes of research, for example with respect to physiological factors that differ between male and female participants.
6.
Which one of the following ███████████ ██ █████ ████ ████████ ████████ ███ ██████ ████████████ ██████████
a
Government-sponsored research is █████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ████ ████ ███ ███████
This is exactly the kind of representation that the second legislator says is irrelevant to science. It's not a counter, because it doesn't undermine the idea that this type of balance is useless for science.
b
Serving as a ███████ ███ ███████ ████████ ███ ███████ █ ███████ ██████ ██ ███ ██████████ ███ ████ ███ ███████ ███ ███████ ██ ██████
We don’t care about the individual participants. We need to weaken the second legislator’s claim about male/female balance considerations, which doesn’t deal with individuals.
c
Government-sponsored medical research ██ █████ ████ ██ ████████ █████████ ██ ███████ ████ ████ ████ ████ ██████████
This explains why research is often done only on male participants, but it doesn't explain why male/female balance considerations may in fact have a place in science.
d
The training of ████ ███ ██████ ██████████ ████ ███ ██████ █████████ ██ █████ ████
We’re not interested in scientists' training. We need to know whether the participants’ sex is relevant to research, and this doesn't tell us.
e
Restriction to males ██ ███ ███████ ████ ██ █████ ████ ███ █████████ ███████ ██ ██████████ ████████
Considerations about male/female balance aren't just for equity reasons, they impact the results of scientific research. This undermines the legislator's claim by giving another reason to care about this balance.