Self-study
Tires may be either underinflated, overinflated, or neither. ██ ███ ██████ ████ ██ ████████ ████ ██████████████ ██ █████████████ ██ █████ █████ █████ ██████ █████ ████ ██ ███ ███ ████ ████ ██ ████ ████ █████ ██ ███ ████ ████ ██████
Summarize Argument
The argument concludes that it’s safe to assume that either underinflating or overinflating tires damages the tires. Why? Because no one has proven that underinflation or overinflation don’t damage tires.
Identify and Describe Flaw
This is a “lack of support vs. false conclusion” flaw, where a position is taken to be false just because no one has proved that it’s true. Specifically, the argument rejects the possibility that underinflation and overinflation are harmless, just because that possibility hasn’t been proven.
10.
Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████ █ ████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██████████
a
The argument assumes ████ ██ ██ ██████████ ██ ████████████
The argument does not assume that underinflation and overinflation damage tires. There is support offered, even if that support is weak.
b
The argument overlooks ████ ████ ██ ███ ██ █████████ ███████████ ██ █████ █████ ██ ██████
There isn’t anything in the argument that’s “not susceptible to proof”. No one is claiming that it’s impossible to prove whether underinflation and overinflation are harmless to tires, just that it hasn’t been proven yet.
c
The argument fails ██ ███████ ███ ██ ██ ████ ██████████████ ██ █████████████ █████ ████ ██████
The mechanism of how tire tread might be harmed isn’t relevant to the question of whether it’s safe to assume that the tire tread will be harmed, just because no one has proven that it won’t be harmed.
d
The argument rejects ███ ███████████ ████ ████ ███ ███ ████ ██████ ██ ████████████ █████
The argument rejects the possibility that it might be true that underinflation and overinflation don’t damage tires, even though it hasn’t been proven. This possibility undermines the idea that it’s “safe to assume” that the tires will be damaged.
e
The argument fails ██ █████████ ██████ ███ █████ ████████████████ ███ ████████████████
The exact definition of what counts as an underinflated or overinflated tire is irrelevant to whether or not those conditions are likely to damage tires, based on the fact that they haven’t been proven not to damage tires.