PT104.S1.Q23 > Question

SECTION 1 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26

SECTION 2 · rc

PASSAGE 1

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6

PASSAGE 2

Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14

PASSAGE 3

Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21

PASSAGE 4

Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26

SECTION 3 · rc

PASSAGE 1

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7

PASSAGE 2

Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14

PASSAGE 3

Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21

PASSAGE 4

Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26

SECTION 4 · lr

The author concludes that it’s likely Tom is an extreme insomniac. This is based on the fact that 90 percent of extreme insomniacs drink lots of coffee, and Tom drinks lots of coffee.

The author misinterprets the claim “Most A are B” as “Most B are A.” Although 90 percent of extreme insomniacs drink lots of coffee, that doesn’t tell us anything about what proportion of lots-of-coffee drinkers are extreme insomniacs. It could be that the vast majority of lots-of-coffee drinkers aren’t extreme insomniacs, even if most extreme insomniacs drink lots of coffee.

The premises don’t establish that only 10 percent of people who drink lots of coffee are not extreme insomniacs. Also, the conclusion doesn’t say that Tom definitely is an extreme insomniac. So, the author acknowledges that he might not be an extreme insomniac.

The author’s argument does not make any assumptions about cause. The issue is whether membership in the set of people who drink lots of coffee implies a likelihood of membership in the set of people who are extreme insomniacs.

The author relies on the fact that 90% of extreme insomniacs drink lots of coffee. This does not reveal the frequency (i.e. proportion) of extreme insomnia among people who drink lots of coffee. It could be that only a small % of lots-of-coffee drinkers have extreme insomnia.

The author does not commit the whole-to-part fallacy. The issue is misinterpretation of the claim “90% of extreme insomniacs consume lots of coffee.” This statistic is not a claim about a class — it’s a claim about 90% of the individuals within the class.

The author doesn’t make any assumptions about cause. The issue is whether membership in the set of people who drink lots of coffee implies a likelihood of membership in the set of people who are extreme insomniacs.

PrepTest 104 - Section 1 - Question 23

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