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Support Bank deposits are credited on the date of the transaction only when they are made before 3 P.M. Support Alicia knows that the bank deposit was made before 3 P.M. So, Conclusion Alicia knows that the bank deposit was credited on the date of the transaction.
Method of Reasoning
Since bank deposits are credited on the same day as the transaction only when the transaction is before 3 p.m., and Alicia knows the deposit was before 3 p.m., Alicia knows the deposit was credited on the same date as the transaction.
Identify and Describe Flaw
There are two flaws in this argument. The first is a cookie-cutter “confusing necessary and sufficient conditions” flaw. Bank deposits are only credited on the date of the transaction when the transaction was before 3 p.m. In Alicia’s case, the deposit was before 3 p.m. Was the transaction credited on the date of the transaction? We don’t know. Just because the necessary condition (that the transaction was before 3 p.m.) was confirmed, that doesn’t mean the sufficient condition (that the deposit was credited on the same day as the transaction) was confirmed.
The second flaw is a cookie-cutter “belief v. facts” flaw. The argument says that “Alicia knows” the bank deposit was credited on the day of the transaction because the transaction was before 3 p.m. How do we know what Alicia knows? We don’t. She may be unaware that transactions completed before 3 p.m. may be credited on the day of the transaction.
21.
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a
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b
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c
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d
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e
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