Self-study
P1
Personal names are generally regarded by European thinkers in two major ways, both of which deny that names have any significant semantic content. ███
Perspective ·
European view
Personal names lack semantic content
Mill and Lévi-Strauss ·
Two European perspectives
Mill sees names as meaningless identifiers; Lévi-Strauss sees names as social markers.
Critique ·
Mill and Lévi-Strauss' views neglect how names work in some societies
Illustration of Critique ·
Hopi names have semantic content
Hopi names do more than what Mill or Lévi-Strauss suggest; can refer to events and be poetic
P2
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Develop Illustration ·
How Hopi names work
They place individuals within society through connection to rituals; confer individual identity; combine individual and clan characteristics
P3
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Further Develop Illustration ·
Hopi names are usually even more complex
Literal translation not enough to understand the name. Requires contextual knowledge. Names can indirectly refer to important events.
Similarity ·
Hopi name poetic like Western Apache place names
P4
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Critique of Mill and Lévi-Strauss ·
Hopi names defy their claims
Hopi names can be poetic; not just about distinguishing people or signaling status.
Implication ·
Knowledge of Hopi culture is key to fully appreciating their names
Passage Style
Critique or debate
8.
Which one of the following ██████████ ████ ██████████ ██████████ ███ █████████ ████ ██████
a
Unlike European names, █████ ███ ████ ███████████ ███ ██████████████ ██ ███████████ ███ ██████ ███████████████ ████ █████ ███████ ████ █████ █████████ ███████████████
Unsupported. The passage never addresses European names; we don’t know whether they’re used exclusively for identification or social classification. Instead, the main point is that Hopi names go beyond the functions described by the two major European perspectives on names.
b
Unlike European names, ████ █████ ████ ██ ███████ ███ █████████ ██ ██████████████ ███ ██████ ██████████████ ██ █████ ██ █ █████████████ ██ ███████████ ███ ██████ ████████
Anti-supported. The passage never addresses European names; it only addresses European perspectives on names. Also, we see
c
Lacking knowledge of ███ ███████████ ██ ████ ██████████ ███ ██████ ███████████ ████████ ████████ ████ ██ ███ ████ ██████ ██ ███████ ███ ██████ ████████████ ██ ████ ██████
Unsupported. The author says that you have to understand Hopi clan structures and linguistic practices to discern the significance of Hopi names. But she never suggests that European thinkers haven’t been able to do so. Instead, she argues that the two major European perspectives on names fail to recognize certain aspects of Hopi names.
d
Although some Hopi █████ ███ ████ █████████ ██ ██████████ ████ ███ ███████ ██ █ ███████ ███████ █ █████████ ██ ███ ████ ███████ ████ ██ ████████ ████ █ █████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██████
Too strong. We have two examples that conform to the formula described in (D), but we don’t know that all Hopi names conform to this formula. Even if they do, the main point of the passage is that Hopi names go beyond the functions described in the two major European perspectives.
e
While performing the █████████ ████████ ██ █████ ██ ████████ █████████ ████ █████ ████ ███████ █ ███████████ █████████ ███████ ████ █████ ████████ ████ ███ ██████████ ███████████
We see