Self-study
P1
Personal names are generally regarded by European thinkers in two major ways, both of which deny that names have any significant semantic content. ███
Perspective ·
European view
Personal names lack semantic content
Mill and Lévi-Strauss ·
Two European perspectives
Mill sees names as meaningless identifiers; Lévi-Strauss sees names as social markers.
Critique ·
Mill and Lévi-Strauss' views neglect how names work in some societies
Illustration of Critique ·
Hopi names have semantic content
Hopi names do more than what Mill or Lévi-Strauss suggest; can refer to events and be poetic
P2
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Develop Illustration ·
How Hopi names work
They place individuals within society through connection to rituals; confer individual identity; combine individual and clan characteristics
P3
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Further Develop Illustration ·
Hopi names are usually even more complex
Literal translation not enough to understand the name. Requires contextual knowledge. Names can indirectly refer to important events.
Similarity ·
Hopi name poetic like Western Apache place names
P4
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Critique of Mill and Lévi-Strauss ·
Hopi names defy their claims
Hopi names can be poetic; not just about distinguishing people or signaling status.
Implication ·
Knowledge of Hopi culture is key to fully appreciating their names
Passage Style
Critique or debate
9.
The author most likely refers ██
a
offer an example ██ ███ █████ ███ ███████ ██████████ ███ ███████ ██ █████ ███████ ████████████
We see earlier in P3 that Hopi names like “beautifully ascended” can contain references not evident in their literal translations. But this is not the purpose of the author’s reference to Western Apache place names. Her analogy only applies to the images evoked by Hopi names, which share a certain quality with Western Apache place names, and suggest that Hopi names are also “tiny imagist poems.”
b
apply a commentator's ████████████████ ██
Supported. The author notes that one commentator called Western Apache place names “tiny imagist poems.” In doing so, she suggests that Hopi personal names, which share a particular quality with Western Apache place names, are also “tiny imagist poems.”
c
contrast Western Apache ██████ █████████ ████ ████ ██████ █████████
Unsupported. The author highlights a similarity between Western Apache place names and Hopi personal names, suggesting that they share a particular quality and are both “tiny imagist poems.” She never mentions Western Apache naming practices or contrasts them with Hopi practices.
d
demonstrate that other █████ ███████ ████ █████ ███ ████ ████ ████████ ███████
Unsupported. The referenced text is an analogy applied to Hopi names, so it can’t be demonstrating something about other kinds of names. Instead, its purpose is to apply a commentator’s description of Western Apache place names— “tiny imagist poems”— to Hopi personal names.
e
explain how a ████████ ████ ████ ██████ ██████ ██ █ ██████████ ███████ ██████ ████
Unsupported. The author references Western Apache place names to suggest that Hopi personal names are also “tiny imagist poems,” since both names share a certain quality. Her analogy doesn’t suggest that the Hopi name in P3 literally refers to a particular Western Apache place.