Self-study
Everyone who is excessively generous is not levelheaded, and no one who is levelheaded is bold.
Summary
The stimulus can be diagrammed as follows:
Notable Valid Inferences
Everyone who is levelheaded is neither excessively generous nor bold.
17.
Which one of the following ██ ████████ ███████ ██ ███ ██████
a
Everyone who is ███████████ ████████ ██ ███ █████
This could be false. All we know from the stimulus is that everyone who is excessively generous is not levelheaded—the information in the stimulus doesn’t tell us that they are also not bold.
b
Everyone who is ███ ████ ██ ███████████ █████████
This could be false. Being not bold is not a sufficient condition for anything, given the information in the stimulus.
c
No one who ██ ███ ████ █████ █████████ ███████████
In clearer terms, (C) says everyone who is not bold is excessively generous. This could be false. Being not bold is not a sufficient condition for anything, given the information in the stimulus.
d
If someone is ████████████ ████ ████ ██████ ██ ███████ ████ ███ ███████████ █████████
This must be true. As shown below, when we take the contrapositive of the conditional claims in the stimulus, we can see that all levelheaded people are neither bold nor excessively generous.
e
If someone is ███ ████████████ ████ ████ ██████ ██ ██████ ████ ██ ███████████ █████████
This could be false. Being not levelheaded is not a sufficient condition for anything, given the information in the stimulus.