Self-study
It is a principle of economics that a nation can experience economic growth only when consumer confidence is balanced with a small amount of consumer skepticism.
Summary
The following statement is a principle of economics:
If a nation experiences economic growth, then consumers’ confidence is balanced by a small amount of skepticism. 
Find or Complete the Application
We must find the right application of a conditional statement. The statement can support the following two conclusions:
(1) A nation’s consumer confidence is balanced by skepticism if it’s experiencing economic growth.
(2) A nation is not experiencing economic growth if consumer confidence is not balanced by skepticism.
10.
Which one of the following ██ ██ ███████████ ██ ███ ████████ █████████ ██████
a
Any nation in █████ ████████ ██████████ ██ ████████ ████ █ █████ ██████ ██ ████████ ██████████ ████ ██████████ ████████ ███████
Doesn’t trigger the rule. We’re only given balancing consumer confidence with skepticism as a necessary condition to economic growth, not sufficient. (A) is trying to read our diagram backwards.
b
Any nation in █████ ███ ██████████ ████████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ████ ██████████ ████████ ███████
Wrong trigger and wrong conclusion. We can only conclude when a nation is not experiencing economic growth—not when it is. And even if a nation’s prevailing attitude is not skepticism, it’s still possible it has a small amount.
c
Any nation in █████ ███ ██████████ ████████ ██ █████████ ██ ██████ ███████████ ██████████ ██ ███████████ ██████████ ████ ██████████ ████████ ███████
Wrong conclusion. (C) removes our necessary condition, which would lead us to conclude the nation will not experience economic growth—not that it will.
d
Any nation in █████ ███ ██████████ ████████ ██ █████████ ██ ███████████ ██████████ ████ ███ ██████████ ████████ ███████
The principle’s necessary condition is balancing consumer confidence with skepticism. (D) validly concludes that denying this necessary condition leads to the absence of the sufficient condition, which is an accurate statement of the contrapositive.
e
Any nation in █████ ████████ ██████████ ██ ████████ ████ █ █████ ██████ ██ ████████ ██████████ ████ ██████████ ████████ ███████
Wrong conclusion. We can only conclude when a nation is not experiencing economic growth—not when it is.