Self-study
Flavonoids are a common component of almost all plants, but a specific variety of flavonoid in apples has been found to be an antioxidant. ████████████ ███ █████ ██ ██ █ ██████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██ █████ ████████
Summary
Flavonoids are a common part of almost all plants.
A certain kind of flavonoid in apples is an antioxidant.
Antioxidants are a factor in preventing heart disease.
Very Strongly Supported Conclusions
There’s at least one flavonoid that can help prevent heart disease (the flavonoid that’s in apples).
1.
Which one of the following ███ ██ ████████ ████████ ████ ███ ████████
a
A diet composed ███████ ██ ██████ ███ ██████████ ████ ████ ██ ███████ █████ ████████
This isn’t supported, because we don’t know whether fruits and vegetables besides apples contain antioxidants. And we don’t know whether the diet described in (A) includes apples.
b
Flavonoids are essential ██ ██████████ █████ ████████
We know some flavonoids can help prevent heart disease (because some are antioxidants). This doesn’t tell us whether flavonoids are necessary for preventing heart disease. Something can be a factor without being necessary.
c
Eating at least ███ █████ ████ ███ ████ ███████ █████ ████████
We know something in apples is a factor in preventing heart disease. This doesn’t imply that eating at least one apple is guaranteed to prevent heart disease. This is too extreme to be supported. Something can be a factor in preventing heart disease without always preventing it.
d
At least one ████ ██ █████████ █████ ██ ███████ █████ ████████
We know that the flavonoid in apples helps prevent heart disease, because it’s an antioxidant.
e
A diet deficient ██ ████████████ ██ █ ██████ █████ ██ █████ ████████
We don’t know what is a common cause of heart disease. We know nothing about common causes of heart disease from the stimulus.