PT106.S3.Q22 > Question

SECTION 1 · lr

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SECTION 2 · lr

SECTION 3 · lr

SECTION 4 · rc

PASSAGE 1

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5

PASSAGE 2

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PASSAGE 3

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PASSAGE 4

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The researcher concludes that pheromones no longer play a significant role in determining human behavior because humans have evolved to have free will. Animals lack free will, which is how the researcher knows they’re controlled by chemicals like pheromones.

The researcher establishes that a lack of free will is a sign of chemical control, but fails to establish that the presence of free will signifies a lack of chemical control. It remains possible that pheromones still play a role in determining human behavior—chemical control and free will have not been shown to be mutually exclusive.

The argument relies on the assumption that free will is incompatible with chemicals like pheromones influencing one’s behavior.

This gets the researcher’s logic backwards. The researcher assumes that the presence of free will precludes the possibility of there being a chemical explanation for behavior, not that the lack of a chemical explanation proves that there must be a psychological one.

This must be true in order for the conclusion to follow. If it weren’t true—if voluntary action could have a chemical explanation—then human free will could still be influenced by pheromones.

The conclusion is that human behavior is not influenced by pheromones by virtue of human free will. It doesn’t matter if this also applies to some other creatures.

The researcher assumes that human free will cannot be explained by chemicals, not that it cannot explained by any evolutionary mechanism. An evolutionary explanation for free will other than a chemical one is compatible with the conclusion.

The researcher provides an explanation for the continuing presence of pheromones—they’re left over from our evolutionary past. There’s no need to add a psychological dimension to this explanation.

PrepTest 106 - Section 3 - Question 22

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