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Medical researcher: As expected, Support records covering the last four years of ten major hospitals indicate that babies born prematurely were more likely to have low birth weights and to suffer from health problems than were babies not born prematurely. █████ ███████ ████ ████████ ████ ███████ ███ ███ ████████ ████████ ████████ ████ ████ ████ ██████ ██ ████ ███ █████ ██████ ██████ ████ ████ ███████ ███ ███ ████████ ██████████ ████████ █████ ████████ ████████ █████ ██████████ █████████████ █████████ ███ ████ ██ ███ █████ ██████ ███████
Summarize Argument: Phenomenon-Hypothesis
The researcher hypothesizes that adequate prenatal care significantly reduces the risk of low birth weight babies. This is supported by an observed correlation from hospital records: mothers who receive inadequate prenatal care are more likely to have low birth weight babies than mothers who receive adequate prenatal care. The records also noted that premature babies are more likely to have low birth weights.
Notable Assumptions
The researcher assumes that there is no alternative cause accounting for the observed correlation between inadequate prenatal care and low birth weight. For example, social or economic factors might instead cause both.
The researcher also assumes that the hospital records give a complete and accurate picture of the situation. If the hospitals’ data entry is flawed, then even the correlation may not be reliable.
24.
Which one of the following, ██ █████ ████ ███████ ███ ███████ ████████████ █████████
a
The hospital records ████████ ████ ████ ██████ ████ ███ ████ ████ ██████ █████ ███████ ███ ████ ██ ███████ ███ ███ ██████████ ████████ █████
b
Mothers giving birth ███████████ ███ █████████ ██████████ ██ █████████ ██ ██████ ████████ ██████████ ████████ ████ ████ ███ ██████ ██ ████ ████ ██ ███ ██████████
c
The hospital records ████████ ████ ███ █████ ██████ ██████ ████ █████████ ██████████ ██ ██████ ████ ████ ████████████
d
Some babies not ████ ████████████ █████ ███████ ████████ ████████ ████████ █████ ████ ███ █████ ████████
e
Women who receive ████████ ████████ ████ ███ ████ ██████ ██ ████ █████ ███████████ ████ ███ █████ ███ ██ ███ ███████ ████████ ████████ █████