Self-study
P1
Robin D. G. Kelley's book Hammer and Hoe explores the history of communism in the U.S. state of Alabama. ███
Intro topic ·
Author D. G. Kelley on communism in Alabama
Kelley's focus ·
How the Communist Party engaged with African-American workers
P2
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Other scholars' focus ·
Reconciling "Popular Front" communism and liberalism
Kelley's position ·
Popular Front had a negative effect on African-American organizing
Expect the rest of the passage to support this position
P3
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Provide context ·
Earlier "Third Period" communist movement inspired African-American organizers
Author concedes that the movement's rhetoric wasn't taken seriously but that on the whole, the movement motivated African-American organizers
Example ·
Of Third Period's appeal to African-American organizers
Third Period movement was associated with efforts to combat lynch law
P4
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Support Kelley's position ·
Shift to Popular Front movement decreased African-American involvement in communist organizing
Popular Front was less involved in issues of concern to African Americans
P5
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Clarify Kelley's position ·
Other factors also responsible for decline of African-American involvement
Competing political factions, changes to industry and economy
Passage Style
Single position
16.
Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████████ ███ █████████ ████ ██████
a
By spending little ████ ██████████ ███████████ ██████████████ ██████ ███ ███ █████ ██ █████ █████████ ███ ████████████ ███████ ███ █████████ █████ ███ ████████████████ ███████ ██████ ███ █████ ███ ██████
The word “fail” in (A) suggests some kind of negative attitude toward Kelley’s book. But the author shows no hint of criticism of Kelley’s book.
b
The relationship between ███ █████████ █████ ███ ████████████████ ███████ ██████ ███ █████ ███ █████ █████ ██ █████ ████ ███████████ ██████ ███ ███████████ ███ ███ █████████ ██ █████████ █████████ ███████
The author’s MP is simply to present Kelley’s argument in Hammer and Hoe. To pick (B), we’d have to think that the author wants to make a point about what’s required or not required to cause political change. But the author doesn’t express an opinion about this.
c
Hammer and Hoe ███████████ █ ████████ ████ ███ ███ ██████ █████████ ███ ██ ██████████ ██ ██████ ███ ██████ ██ █████ ███████ ████████ ███ █████████
The author doesn’t suggest that Hammer and Hoe is valuable for anything; he simply reports on the argument made in Hammer and Hoe.
d
The true measure ██ ███ ███████ ██ ███ █████████ █████ ██ ██████████ ████████████████ ███████ ███ ███ ███ ███████ ██ ██████ ████████ ████████ ███ ██ ████████ ████ █████ ████████
We don’t know the author’s opinion about what constitutes success of the Communist Party at organizing African-American workers. The author merely reports what Kelley argues in the book Hammer and Hoe; we don’t know the author’s own opinion.
e
Hammer and Hoe ██████ ███ ████████ ████ ███ ██████ ██ ███ █████████████ ██ ███ █████ ███ ██████ ███████ ███ █████████ █████ ███ ████████████████ ████████
This is the best answer. This is the only answer that captures author’s focus on presenting Kelley’s argument in Hammer and Hoe. That argument relates to the relationship between the Communist Party and African-American workers in the 1930s and 1940s. The phrase “new insights” is appropriate because Kelley’s argument departs from the views of most scholarship.