Self-study
Light is registered in the retina when photons hit molecules of the pigment rhodopsin and change the molecules' shape. ████ ████ ████ ████ ███ ████ ██████ ██ ███████ ██ ██████ █████████ █████████ █████████ ██████ █████ ███████ ██ ██████ █████████ ███████ ███████ ███████████ █████ ████ ███ ██████ ███████ ███ ██████ ██ ████ █████████ ██████ ██ ████████ ████████████ ██ ███ ███████████ ██ ███ ███████
Summary
In the retina, light is registered when photons make contact with molecules of rhodopsin and cause the molecules to change shape. Rhodopsin molecules sometimes change shape caused by normal molecular motion, which causes errors in the visual system. The amount of normal molecular motion is directly proportional to the temperature of the retina.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
The warmer the retina, the higher the chance that errors in the visual system occur.
19.
Which one of the following ███████████ ██ ████ ████████ █████████ ██ ███ ███████████ ██████
a
The temperature of ██ ████████ ██████ ███████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ █████ ███ ██████ ██ ██████████
This answer is not supported. We don’t know whether the amount of light the retina absorbs actually causes the retina to change in temperature.
b
The visual systems ██ ███████ █████ ████ ███████████ ███████ ████ ██ █████ ████████████ ███ ████ ███████████ ██ ███ ████████████ ████ ██ ████ █████
This answer is strongly supported. If the amount of normal molecular motion that causes visual errors is proportional to the temperature of the retina, then the warmer an animals’ environment the more error-prone that animal’s visual system is.
c
As the temperature ██ ███ ██████ ██████ █████████ █████████ █████ ████ ██████ ██ █████ ██████ ██ ████████
This answer is unsupported. We don’t know from the stimulus how quickly rhodopsin reacts after being struck by photons.
d
Rhodopsin molecules are ████ █████████ ██ ███████ ██ ███████ █████ ███████ ████ █████ ███████ █████ ████ ██ ███████ █████ ███████ ████ █████ ███████ ██████
This answer is unsupported. We don’t know from the stimulus if the surface area of an animal’s retina is correlated with the sensitivity of rhodopsin molecules.
e
Molecules of rhodopsin ███ ███ ████ ███████ █████████ ████ █████ █████████ ██ ███ ███████
This answer is unsupported. We don’t know whether rhodopsin is the only pigment molecule. We only know that it is an example of a naturally occurring pigment molecule.