Self-study
Viruses can have beneficial effects. ███ ████████ ████ ████ ████████████ ███████████████ ████ ██ █████ ███ ██████ ██ ███████ ███ ███████ ████ ████ ██████ ██████████ ████ █████████ ████ █ ███ ██ █ ██████████ ███████ ███████ ███████ █████ ███ ████ ██ ██████ ██ ███████ ████████ █████ ███████████ ██ ███████ ██████████ ████ ████ ███ ████████ ████████ ██ ██████ ██████████ ███ █████ █████ ██████ ██████ █████████ ██ ███████
Summary
Viruses can have beneficial effects.
Some viruses kill more-complex organisms. Some of these more-complex organisms that are killed by viruses are deadly to humans.
Viruses have simple structures. Modifying these structures can make a virus deadly to humans.
Random mutations commonly produce changes in the structures of viruses.
Any virus can easily become dangerous to humans.
Notable Valid Inferences
There’s no clear inference to draw. I’d rely on process of elimination to identify what must be false.
22.
If the statements above are █████ ████ ████ ██ ███ █████████ ██████████ █████ ████ ██ ████ ███████
a
Random mutation makes ████ ██████ ███████ ██████████ ██ ███████
Could be true. We know mutations can make viruses dangerous. That doesn’t mean mutations can’t make deadly viruses beneficial.
b
Some organisms of ███████ ██████████ ████ ███████ ███ ██ ████ ██████ ████ ███████ ██ ███████ ███████████ ███████████ ███████ ██████ █████████
Could be true. It’s possible that there are some viruses that are less likely or equally likely as viruses to undergo major changes from mutations. We were never told that viruses are the least likely to undergo major changes from mutation.
c
Some microorganisms that ███ ████ ███████ ████ ███████ ███ ██████████ ██ ███████
We know some microorganisms that are more complex than viruses can kill humans. But there could be other microorganisms that are more complex than viruses that are beneficial to humans.
d
Some viruses that ████ ██ ████ █████ ███████ ████ ███ ██████ ██ ██████ ███ ████████████ ██████████ ██ ███████
Could be true. Some viruses could be beneficial in other ways besides killing organisms that are deadly to humans. That was just one example of a benefit.
e
No virus that ██ ██████ ██ █████████ ██ ███████ ██████████ ████ ██████ ██ ██████████ ██ ███████
Must be false. We know some viruses kill more-complex organisms that are deadly to humans. So these viruses are beneficial to humans by killing organisms that might kill humans.