Self-study
Columnist: Conclusion Almost anyone can be an expert, for there are no official guidelines determining what an expert must know. ███████ ███ ███████ ██ ████████ ████ ██████ ██ ███ ██ ███ ██████████████ ██ ██ ███████████████ █████ ███ ███████ ██ ███████
Summary
Most people can become experts. This is because convincing some people of your qualifications is all you need to be an expert.
Missing Connection
All you need to do to be an expert is convince some people of your qualifications. But how do we know that most people can do that? To guarantee the conclusion, the author must assume that most people can, in fact, persuade others of their expertise.
20.
The columnist's conclusion follows logically ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ████████
a
Almost anyone can ████████ ████ ██████ ██ ███ ██ ███ ██████████████ ██ ████ █████
Convincing some people of your qualifications is sufficient to be an expert. Therefore, if (A) is true, the author’s conclusion that almost anyone can be an expert is guaranteed.
b
Some experts convince ████████ ██ █████ ██████████████ ██ ██████ █████ █████
We’re concerned with whether people can qualify as experts in the first place, so this is irrelevant.
c
Convincing certain people ████ ███ ██ █████████ ██ ██ ████ ████████ ████ ███ ████████ ██ █████████ ██ ████ █████
This doesn’t help the argument. Adding an additional hurdle (actually being qualified) would make it harder for most people to qualify as experts.
d
Every expert has █████████ ████ ██████ ██ ███ ██ ███ ██████████████ ██ ████ █████
This doesn’t help establish the argument’s conclusion, that most people can become experts. (D) leaves open the possibility that most people are not capable of convincing others of their qualifications.
e
Some people manage ██ ████████ ██████ ████████ ██ █████ ██████████████ ██ ███ ██ ████ ██████
This only tells us that some people are capable of becoming experts; the conclusion we want to guarantee is that almost anyone is capable of becoming an expert.