Self-study
Support Vague laws set vague limits on people's freedom, Support which makes it impossible for them to know for certain whether their actions are legal. █████ █████ █████ ████ ██████ ██████ ████ ███████
Summary
If laws are vague, people cannot feel secure. This is because it’s impossible for them to know for certain whether their actions are legal.
Missing Connection
The support is about lack of knowledge, but the conclusion concerns lack of security. We need to connect the two. Consequently, to guarantee the conclusion, the author must assume that, if people don’t know whether their actions are legal, they can’t feel secure. (Contrapositive: if people feel secure, they must know if their actions are legal.)
12.
The conclusion follows logically if █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ████████
a
People can feel ██████ ████ ██ ████ ████ ███ ███████ ███████ █████ ███████ ███ ██████
The contrapositive is: if people don’t know whether their actions are legal, they can’t feel secure. Vague laws mean that people don’t know if their actions are legal. So (A) guarantees the conclusion that vague laws lead to people not feeling secure.
b
If people do ███ ████ ███ ███████ ███████ █████ ███████ ███ ██████ ████ ████ █████ ███ ████ ███████
The argument’s conclusion is absolute; by contrast, (B) adds the qualification “might” and is thus limited.
c
If people know ███ ███████ ███████ █████ ███████ ███ ██████ ████ ███ ████ ███████
This is the negation of what we want. (C) starts with people knowing their actions are legal, and ends with people feeling secure. To bridge the gap in the argument, we want to start with people not knowing if their actions are legal. And end with people feeling insecure.
d
People can feel ██████ ██ ████ ███ ████████ ██ ████ ████ ███ ███ ██████
This can’t be correct, because it tells us about the case where people are governed by laws that are not vague. The stimulus is about the case where laws are vague.
e
Only people who ████ ██████ ███ ████ ███ ███████ ███████ █████ ███████ ███ ██████
This means: if you know your actions are legal, then you’ll feel secure. This is the negation of what we want. To bridge the gap in the argument, we want to start with people not knowing if their actions are legal. And end with people feeling insecure.