Self-study
Twelve healthy volunteers with the Apo-A-IV-1 gene and twelve healthy volunteers who instead have the Apo-A-IV-2 gene each consumed a standard diet supplemented daily by a high-cholesterol food. █ ████ █████ ██ ███████████ ██ ███ █████ ██ ██████████ ████ ██ █████████ ████ ██ █████ ████████ █████ █████ ██████ ███ █████ ███████████ ██████ ██ ███ ████████ ██ ███ ██████ █████ ████ ██████████ ███████ ███ █████ ███████████ ██████ ██ █████ ████ ███ ██████████ ████ ████ ██ ████████
Summary
Twelve healthy people with version 1 of a gene and twelve healthy people with version 2 of a gene at a standard diet supplemented with high-cholesterol food. High cholesterol is associated with increased risk of heart disease. After three weeks of this diet, people with version 1 of the gene had increased cholesterol, whereas people with version 2 of the gene did not have increased cholesterol.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
Version 2 of the gene might help remove cholesterol from the body. Eating high-cholesterol foods does not always lead to increased cholesterol in the body.
10.
Which one of the following ██ ████ ████████ █████████ ██ ███ ███████████ ██████
a
Approximately half the ██████████ ███████ █ ████ ████ ██████ ███████████ ███████
Unsupported. We don’t know the proportion of the general population with version 2 of the gene. The stimulus never told us that the participants in the study were representative of the general population.
b
Most of those ██ ████ ██ █████ ███████ ███ ██ ████ ██ ██████ █████ ████ ██ ████████ █ ███████████████ █████
Unsupported. We know high cholesterol increases risk of heart disease, but most people with heart disease might not have high cholesterol. They might have heart disease for other reasons.
c
The bodies of █████ ███ ████ ███ ██████████ ████ ███████ ███████████ ████ █████ ███████████ ███████ █ ███████ ██████
Unsupported. We know the people with version 2 of the gene did not exhibit increased cholesterol. We don’t know whether this has anything to do with storing cholesterol before excreting it.
d
The presence of ███ ██████████ ████ █████ ██ ████████ ████ █ ██████ ███ █ █████ ████ ██ █████ ████████
Unsupported. We don’t know the respective risks of heart disease among the two groups. In any case, people with version 1 of the gene ended up with increased cholesterol, so there’s evidence version 1 may be at higher risk of heart disease than version 2.
e
The presence of ███ ██████████ ████ ███ ███████ ███ █████████ ██ █████ ████████████
Strongly supported. The people with version 2 of the gene didn’t end up with increased cholesterol, whereas people with version 1 did. This is evidence something about version 2 may be reducing cholesterol or counteracting the increased cholesterol we would expect to observe.