Self-paced
Roxanne: Support To protect declining elephant herds from poachers seeking to obtain ivory, people concerned about such endangered species should buy no new ivory. ███ ███ █████ ███ ███ █████ ███████ ███ ████████ ████████████ ████████ ██ ██████████ ███████ █████ ████████ ██ █████████ ██ ████████ ██ ██████ ████ ███ ██████ ██████████ ████ ███████ ████████████ █████ ██ ██ █████ ██ █████ █████████ ██ ██████ ██ ████ ███████████
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Summary
Roxanne's key move is the claim that the two ivory markets are entirely independent. Because antique ivory and new ivory have nothing to do with each other, buying antique ivory can't drive poaching. So she concludes that buying antique ivory is fine, and only new ivory is off limits.
Salvador accepts that concerned people shouldn't buy new ivory, but he thinks Roxanne stops too early. His point is that the markets are connected after all. Since there isn't enough antique ivory to go around, people who want antique end up buying new ivory instead. So even a concerned person who buys only antique is using up the scarce antique supply and pushing someone else toward new ivory. His fix is to buy no ivory at all, which loosens the antique supply and brings new-ivory demand down.
Anticipation
The two agree on plenty: elephants are worth protecting, and concerned people shouldn't buy new ivory. The split is over whether the antique and new ivory markets are linked. Roxanne says they're entirely independent, so what happens in the antique market never touches the new market. Salvador's whole argument depends on the opposite, that antique demand spills over into new-ivory demand.
23.
A point on which Roxanne's ███ ██████████ █████ ██████ ██ ███████
a
there are substances ████ ███ █████ ██ ████████████ ███████████ ███ █████ ██ ███ ███████ ████
Are there substances that could satisfactorily substitute for ivory?
Roxanne: ❓Salvador: ❓
Neither speaker says anything about replacing ivory with some other material. The whole exchange is about which ivory to buy or avoid, not about substitutes for ivory.
b
decreased demand for ███████ █████ █████ █████ █ ████████ ██ ██████ ███ ███ █████
Would a decrease in demand for antique ivory cause a decrease in demand for new ivory?
Roxanne: ❌Salvador: ✅
Roxanne says the markets are entirely independent, so a drop in antique demand would do nothing to new-ivory demand. Salvador's argument runs on the opposite claim: because antique demand outstrips supply, people who'd rather buy antique are settling for new ivory. Take concerned buyers out of the antique market, antique demand falls, those would-be antique buyers can finally get antique, and demand for new ivory drops. Roxanne says no, Salvador says yes.
c
people should take █████ ██ █████ █ ██████ ██ ███ █████████ █████████ ██ ████████ █████
Should people take steps to avert the threat to elephant herds?
Roxanne: ✅/❓Salvador: ✅/❓
Both arguably agree. Roxanne opens by wanting to protect the declining herds, and Salvador speaks to people who share "your concern about endangered species."
d
a widespread refusal ██ ███ ███ █████ ████ ████ █ ███████████ ██████ ██ ███ ████████ ██ █████████
Will a widespread refusal to buy new ivory substantially help elephants survive?
Roxanne: ✅/❓Salvador: ✅/❓
Both are arguably on board with cutting new-ivory purchases to protect elephants. Roxanne's plan is to buy no new ivory precisely to protect the herds, and Salvador wants new-ivory demand to drop for the same reason. Neither one pushes back on this, so it isn't where they disagree with each other.
e
people concerned about ██████████ ███████ ██████ ██████ ██ ███ █████ ███████ ████ ███ ████ ████ ██ █████ ███
Should people concerned about endangered species refuse to buy ivory that is less than 75 years old?
Roxanne: ✅Salvador: ✅
Ivory less than 75 years old is just new ivory, and both speakers agree concerned people shouldn't buy it. Roxanne says only antique ivory can be bought in good conscience, which means refusing new ivory. Salvador says refuse all ivory, which includes new.