Self-study
P1
Some philosophers find the traditional, subjective approach to studying the mind outdated and ineffectual. ███ █████ ███ ███████ ██ ████████ ███ █████████ ██ ████ ██ ██████ ███ ████████ ██ ███ █████████ ████ ███ ██ ██████ ███ ████ █████████ ██ ████████ ██ ██████ ████ ██ ███████████ █████████████ ███ █████████ ████████
Some philosophers' perspective ·
Subjective approach to studying the mind doesn't work
We should try to study the mind based on hard data that's observable rather than purely subjective descriptions of feelings.
P2
███ ████████████
Other philosophers' perspective ·
Knowledge includes subjective experience, so no reason to look only to objective data
P3
██ ███ ████ ██ ███ ██ █████ ████████ ████ █████ ███ ██████████ ██ ████████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ███████████ ███████ ███████████ ██████ ████████ ████ ███ ████████ ██████████ ██████ █ ██████ ██████ ████████ ██████████ ███ ██████ ██ ███ ████ ███ █████ ██ █████████ ███ ████ ██ ████████████ ███████████ █████ ███ ███████ ██████ ██ ████ ███████ █████████████ ███████ ███ ███ █████ ██ █████████ ███████████ ███ ████████ █████████ ██ ██████ █████ ████ ██ ██████ ███████████ ██ ████████ ████████ ████ █████████ █████████ █████████████ █████████████ ███ ████████████ ████ █ ██████ ███████ ██ █████ ██ ████████ ████████ █████████ ████ ████ ███████ █████████████
Difficult to reconcile ·
Each side starts from different assumptions
Thus, genuine communication between the two sides is almost impossible.
P4
███ █████████ ███ ██ ███████ ██ █ ██████ ███████ █████████ ██ █████████ █████████ █████ ███ ████████ ██ ███ █████████ █████ ████ ████████ ███ ██ █████████ ████ ███ █████████ ██ ██████ ████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██████ █████ █████ ██ ██████ ████ ████ █████████ ███████ █████ █████████ ███████████ █████ ██ ████████ ██ ████████ ██ ███ █████ ██████ ████ ███████ █████████████ ████ ███ █████████ ██ ███ █████ ██████████ █████ ██ ███████████
Analogy ·
The two sides are like adherents to different religions
Each side believes its own religious texts; we can't resolve a debate by just looking at the texts themselves. To resolve the debate, we need to investigate the authority of the texts.
P5
████ █████ ██ ████████ ██ ███████ ███ ██████ ███████ ███ ████████████ ██ █████ █████ ██ ██ █████████████ ████ ███ █████████ ██ █████ █████████ █████████████ ███ ████████ ██ ██ ██ ████ ██████████ ███████████ ██ ███ █████ ███ ██ ██████████ ███ ██████ ██ ██████████████ ███████████ ███ ██████ ██ ██ ██ ████ ██████ ██ █████████████ ███ █████ █████████ █████ ███ ████████ ██ ███ █████ ███ █████ ███████████ ████ ██ ███████ ████ ██████████ ██ ████ ███████ ██████████████████ █████ ██ ███████████████ ██████ ████ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ███ █████ ██ █████████ █████ ███ ███ ████ ██████
How to reconcile ·
Investigate the authority of the subjective and objective perspectives
We should engage in epistomelogy (the study of knowledge) to better understand how to approach knowledge about the mind.
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Problem-analysis
24.
According to the passage, subjectivists ███████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██████ ██ ███████ █████ ██████ ████ ███████████ ██ ███████
a
Objectivism rests on ████████ ████ █████████ ████ ███ ████ ██ ██████████████
Not supported. Although the subjectivists believe science should not prevail “when” appeals to science conflict with introspection, this doesn’t imply that they think objectivism inherently conflicts with introspection. The “when” indicates that they acknowledge that there may be times when there isn’t a conflict.
b
Objectivism restricts the █████ ██ ██████████ ████ █████ ████████████ ███ ████ ██████████
c
Objectivism relies on ████ ████ ███ ██ █████████ ███ ███████████ ████ ██ ██████████ ████████████
Not supported. We have no evidence subjectivists claim the objectivist data can be interpreted “only” by specialists.
d
Objectivism provides no ███████ ██ █████ ██ ████ ██████████ ████ ██ ████████ ██ █████████████ ██████████
Not supported. We have no evidence subjectivists claim that objectivism doesn’t provide context for viewing data as relevant to p philosophical questions.
e
Objectivism concerns itself ████ █████████ ████ ████ ███ █████████████ ████ ████ ██ █████████████ ████████
Not supported. We have no evidence subjectivists claim that objectivism is interested in questions that aren’t traditionally part of philosophy.