Reader-response theory, a type of literary theory that arose in reaction to formalist literary criticism, has endeavored to shift the emphasis in the interpretation of literature from the text itself to the contributions of readers to the meaning of a text. ███
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Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ ████████ ████████ ██████ █████████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ████████
scholarly neutrality
The author doesn’t have a neutral attitude toward formalism; the author is clearly
grudging respect
The passage doesn’t indicate that the author respects formalism. Throughout the passage, the author argues against formalism.
thoughtless disregard
The author isn’t thoughtless––throughout the passage, the author clearly explains the reasons that she opposes formalism. Her opposition doesn’t come from nowhere.
cautious ambivalence
The author doesn’t have an ambivalent attitude toward formalism; the author is clearly
reasoned dismissal
This reflects the author’s attitude. The author
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