Self-study
No small countries and no countries in the southern hemisphere have permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council. ████ ██ ███ ████ █████████ ████ █ █████████ ████ ██ ███ ████████ ███████ ██ ██ █████ ██ █████████ █████████████ ████████████ ███████ ███ █ ███████ ████ ███ ███ ██████ ███████ ██ ██████████ ████████ █████████ ████████ ████ █████████ ████ ███ ██ █████ ██ █████████ █████████████ ████████████ ███████ ███ ██████ ███████ █████████ ████████ ██ ████████ ██ ███ ██████ ████████
Summary
If a country has a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council, then that country is not a small country and not a country in the southern hemisphere. Each country with a permanent seat is in favor of increased international peacekeeping efforts and a greater role for the United Nations in moderating regional disputes. However, some countries in favor of increased international peacekeeping efforts are firmly against increased spending on refugees. 
Notable Valid Inferences
There are many potential valid inferences based on the fact that we know 4 different qualities about all countries with a permanent seat on the Security Council. For example, we could conclude some countries in favor of a greater role for the United Nations in regional disputes are not countries in the southern hemisphere. And some countries in favor of a greater role for the United Nations in regional disputes are not small countries. No reason to list all potential inferences, since it's not practical to think about all of them up front.
17.
If the statements above are █████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ████ ████ ██ █████
a
Some small countries ██ ███ ████ ███ ██████ ███████ ██ ████████ ███ ████████ ██ █████████
Could be false. We know that all countries with a permanent seat are not small countries. And we also know that all small countries do not have a permanent seat. But we don't know anything else about small countries.
b
Some countries in ███ ████████ ██████████ ███ ███ ██ █████ ██ █████████ █████████████ ████████████ ████████
Could be false. We know that all countries with a permanent seat are not in the southern hemisphere. And we also know that all countries in the southern hemisphere do not have a permanent seat. But we don't know anything else about countries in the southern hemisphere.
c
Some countries that ████ █████████ █████ ██ ███ ██████ ███████ ████████ ███████ ███ ███████ █████████ ████████ ██ ████████ ██ ███ ██████ ████████
Could be false. Although we know that all countries with a permanent seat favor increased peacekeeping, and some countries that favor increased peacekeeping are against increased spending on refugees, this doesn't imply that some countries with a permanent seat must be among the countries that are against increased spending.
d
Some small countries ███ ██ █████ ██ █ ███████ ████ ███ ███ ██████ ███████ ██ ██████████ ████████ █████████
Could be false. Could be false. We know that all countries with a permanent seat are not small countries. And we also know that all small countries do not have a permanent seat. But we don't know anything else about small countries.
e
Some countries that ███ ██ █████ ██ █ ███████ ████ ███ ███ ██████ ███████ ██ ██████████ ████████ ████████ ███ ███ ███████ ██ ███ ████████ ███████████
Must be true. Here, we know that all countries with a permanent seat are in favor of a greater role for the U.N. in regional disputes. We also know that all countries with a permanent seat are not in the southern hemisphere. So this proves that there's at least one country in the world that is in favor of a greater role for the U.N. in regional disputes and that is not located in the southern hemisphere. (If All As are B and All As are C, we can conclude that Some Bs are C.)