Self-study
P1
In studying the autobiographies of Native Americans, most scholars have focused on as-told-to life histories that were solicited, translated, recorded, and edited by non-Native American collaborators—that emerged from .
Traditional approach to Native American autobiographies ·
Focused on histories translated, recorded, edited, by non-NA people
Limits of traditional approach ·
Overlooks non-written communications and fact that some NA didn't share European concept of self, life and writing
P2
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Differences in idea of self ·
NA identity involves relation to society and broader world
So, NA expressions of life experiences are more fragmented than European expressions.
Difference in mode of expression ·
NA used oral communication, dance, and drama; not just writing
P3
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Examples of autobiographical expressions ·
Tattoos, artifacts, painted tepee
These all can symbolize life experiences and desires.
P4
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Other influences on autobiographical narrative ·
Tribal participation in expression, European shaping of NA autobiography
Tribes contributed to some autobriographical expressions (like painting of a tepee). And, Europeans who recorded NA autobiographies may have shaped the narrative based on own cultural perspective.
Passage Style
Single position
14.
Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ ████ ██████████ ██ ███ ████████
a
Scholars have tended ██ ████████ ███ ███████ ██ ████████ █████ ████████ ████ ███████ ██ ████ ██ ███ █████ ██████ ████████ █████████
The main point isn’t focused on what scholars overlook, but on the fact that Native Americans create autobiographies. The author does believe that scholars have overlooked Native American conceptions of identity, but this is merely a supporting point designed to show how the typical approach to autobiography doesn’t capture the approach of Native Americans to autobiography.
b
As demonstrated by █████ ██████ ██████████ █████████████ ███ █████ ██ █ ███████ ██ █████ █████ ████ ███████ ██████████
The main point isn’t that autobiographies can exist in other kinds of media besides written documents. The point is that what Native Americans do can be called autobiography, even though it’s different from European autobiography. The medium in which the autobiography exists is one part of Native American autobiographies, but not the main point the author wants to convey.
c
The Native American ████ █████████ █████████ ███ ████████ ██ ██████████ ████████ ███████ ██████ ████ ██████████████ ███████████████ ██ █████ ██████████ ██ ██ ████████████ ████████ ██ ████████
The main point isn’t about the life histories recorded by non-Native American writers. It’s about the autobiographies written by Native Americans.
d
Early Native Americans ███████ ███████████████ ████ █████ ███ ██████████ ███████████ ████ ██████████ ██████ ████ █████ ██ ██████████████ ████████████████
This best captures the main point. The author conveys that Native Americans created autobiographies that differed in their assumptions about one’s self, life, and writing compared to European autobiographies.
e
The autobiographical forms █████████████ ████ ██ ██████ █████████ ███ ████ ██████████ ████ ████████ █████ ███ ████ ████ ██████ ████████████ ██ ████████ ████████
This is too narrow to be the main point. Although the author does note that Native American autobiographies can be more fragmented than European autobiographies, this is merely one difference discussed by the passage.