PT118.S1.Q24

PrepTest 118 - Section 1 - Question 24

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In criminal proceedings, defense attorneys occasionally attempt to establish that a suspect was not present at the commission of a crime by comparing the suspect's DNA to the DNA of blood or hair samples taken from the scene of the crime. ████████ █████ ████████ ███ ██ ███████ ███ █████ █████ ████ ██ ███████████ █████ ███ ███████ █████ ████ ████████ ████████████ ██████ ██ ██ █ ███████ ██ █████████ █ ███████ ██████ ███████ ████ ████████ ███ ███ ███ █████ ███ ███ ███████ █████ ████ ███ █████ ██ ███ ██████

Summarize Argument

The author concludes that it would be wrong to let off a suspect just because their DNA sample doesn’t match the sample from the crime scene. This is because DNA tests often mistakenly show two different people as having matching DNA.

Identify and Describe Flaw

This argument draws the wrong conclusion from the given evidence. If DNA tests often fail to distinguish between individuals, that would lead to false positives (mistaken convictions) rather than false negatives (mistaken exonerations).

Exoneration occurs when a suspect’s DNA sample does not match the sample from the crime scene. However, according to the evidence given, the test results may be questionable when samples do match. So the test’s unreliability makes mistaken convictions more likely—not mistaken exonerations.

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24.

Which one of the following ██ ██ █████ ██ ███ █████████ ██████

a

It assumes without ███████ ████ ███ ███ ██ ████████ ████████ ██ ███████████ ████████ ██ █████ █████████

b

It confuses a ████ ████ ███████████ ██████████ ███ ███████ ██ ██████ ████ ███ ████ ██████ ████ █ ████ ████ ███████████ █████ ██ ██████ ████ █████████ ███████ ███████ ████ ████ ████ █ ██████ ███████

c

It generalizes about ███ ███████████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ ██ ████████ █████ ████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██ █ █████ ██ ███ █████ ██ ███████ ████ ███████ ██ ████ █ ███ ████ ████████

d

It relies on ████████████ ████ ███████ ████ ███ ███████ ████ ████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ████ █████ ███████████████ ███████████

e

It fails to ███████████ ████ ████████ ████████ █████ ████ ███ █████ ██ █ █████ ██ ███ ████ ████ ██ ████████ ████ ██████ ██ ████████ ██ ████████ █████ ████████████

Confirm action

Are you sure?