Self-paced
P1
A number of natural disasters in recent years—such as earthquakes, major storms, and floods—that have affected large populations of people have forced relief agencies, communities, and entire nations to reevaluate the ways in which they respond in the aftermaths of such disasters. ███
Intro to Topic ·
Problematic disaster relief response
Critics: Problem ·
Traditional disaster relief is ineffective and sometimes destructive
Traditional Disaster Relief ·
Aid is given as soon as possible with high priority on quantity of aid
The belief is that a large and rapid infusion of aid is good.
P2
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Critics: Problem ·
Traditional relief itself is a problem
The large and rapid infusion of aid (personnel and materials) cannot be effectively absorbed by the disaster stricken community. Where are we going to house all these people? Where are we going to store all this stuff? Remember, our infrastructure is already strained by the natural disaster. Now it's under more pressure from this secondary "disaster" of too much people and stuff.
P3
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Critics: Alternative Solution ·
Focus on long term
Prepare the disaster-prone communities by having them tell you what they need long, long before disaster strikes. That way, when disaster strikes, you'll be ready to send in the appropriate kind of aid.
P4
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Author: Evaluation of Alternative Solution ·
Success depends on donors
Donors are crucial to success in the immediate aftermath of disaster but also in the long run. It's important that they too engage in dialogue with the communities.
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Problem-analysis
1.
Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ███ ████████
a
The most useful ████████ ██ █ ███████ ████████ ██ ███ ██ █████ ██████ ████████ █████ ███████ ██ ███████ ███ ████ ██ ███ ████ ████████ █████ ████ ████ ██████ ██████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██ █████████ ██████ ████ █████████ ████
This contains elements that are correct but it mischaracterizes the relationship between those elements. The author does argue that relief agencies should let victims dictate the type of aid they receive. The author also argues that planning should focus on long-term aid. But the main point is not that the former would most likely result in the latter. They are simply two separate pieces of the author’s proposed solution.
b
The quantity of ███ █████ █████ █ ███████ ████████ ████████ ███ ███████ ██ ██████ ████ ████ ███ █████ ██ ███████████ ███ ██ ████ █████ █████ ██████████ ██ ███ ███ ███████████ ██████ ████ ████████
This is true. It is an accurate, though partial, description of the problem. But it cannot be the main point since it does not address the solution.
c
Aid that focuses ██ █████████ █████ ██ █████████ ██ ████████ ████████ ██ ███ ████ ███████████ ██ ████████ ████ ██████ ████████ █████ ██ ████████████ ██ ████████ ████████ █████ ███████████ ██████████ ███ ███████
Low-res wrong. It positions the solution itself (a focus on long-term aid) as a problem (that it’s difficult to organize). But the author’s main point is to deliver the solution, not to raise potential problems with the solution.
d
Disaster relief efforts ████ ████ ██████ ██ ██████████████ ████ ██████ ██ ███ ████ ███ ██████ ███ ██████ ████████ ██ ███████████ ████ ████████ ███████████ ██████████ ███ ████ ██ ████ ███ ████ █████ ██████████ ███ ████ █████ █████████ ██████
This accurately summarizes the problem (disaster relief efforts are inefficient) and the solution (relief agencies and donors should communicate about how to best meet the affected communities’ needs).
e
Though the years █████ █ ████████ ███ ███████ ███ ███████████ ████████ ██ ██████████ ███ ████ ███ █████ ███████████ █████ █ ████████ ███ ████ ███████ ███ █████████ ██ ███████ ████ ███████ ██████ ████████ ████ ███ ████ ██ █████████ ███████ ███ ███ █████████
The passage does not position relief agencies as mediators. This is factually incorrect.