PrepTest 118 - Section 2 - Passage 2 - Question 7

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The moral precepts embodied in the Hippocratic oath, which physicians standardly affirm upon beginning medical practice, have long been considered the immutable bedrock of medical ethics, binding physicians in a moral community that reaches across temporal, cultural, and national barriers. █████ ████ ████████ ███ ████████ █████████ ██ ████ ██████████ ███████ ██ ███ █████████ ███ ███ ███████ ███ ███ ███ ████ ██ ████████ ███ ██ ███████ ██ ███████ █████████ ██ ████████████ ███████ █████████ ███ ████████████ ██ █████████ ██████████████████ ██████ ██████████ ██ ███ ████████ ██████████ ███ ████████ ██████ ███████████ ███ ███

Intro topic · Hippocratic oath as basis of medical ethics

Oath to act in patients' best interests and adopt standards of professional conduct

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Criticism 1 · Oath is outdated, oath's rules too inflexible

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Criticism 2 · Oath undermines patient privacy and autonomy

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Criticism 3 · Oath interferes with access to care

Requires doctors to prioritize individual patient needs over broader societal considerations. Also limits role of market forces in driving quality and availability of care.

Criticism 4 · Oath overlooks important considerations

Human experimentation, connection between doctors and other health care providers

Criticism 5 · Oath's origins are uncertain

Perhaps oath wasn't always widely accepted

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Rebuttal to crticism 5 · Oath's origins are irrelevant

Doctors have long since agreed with oath's principles

Rebuttal to criticisms 1-4 · Oath still necessary despite those criticisms

Solution · Keep oath's core value while reforming other, less essential aspects

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Example of solution · Oath previously reinterpreted to allow surgery

Passage Style

Critique or debate

Which one of the following ████ ██████████ ██████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ███ ████████

Question Type

Main point

In a Critique or Debate passage, if the author advocates a view, the main point is that view. Here, the author rejects the view of critics who want to drastically overhaul or abandon the Hippocratic oath. The author instead advocates for keeping the core value of beneficence while allowing for minor adaptations to the oath or how it is interpreted.

The Hippocratic oath █████ ██ ██ ███████████ ██████████ ████ ███████ ██████ ██ ███ ████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██ ████ ███████ ████ ███ ███████████ █████ █████ █████ █████ ██████

Anti-supported; the author isn’t uncertain about whether the oath’s fundamental moral rules still apply today. The author believes the core value of beneficence still applies. To it wouldn’t make sense for the main point to involve an attempt to try to be certain about whether the oath’s moral rules still apply today.

11%

Despite recent criticisms ██ ███ ███████████ █████ ████ ███████ ██ ██ ████ ████ ████████ ██ ██████ ████████ ██ ███████████ ███████████████ ███ ██████████ █████████ █████ ██ ██ █████████

This best captures the author’s view.

78%

Codes of ethics █████████ ███ ███ ███████ ██ █ ██████████ █████ ██ ███████ ███ ████ ████ ████████ ███████████ ██ █████ █████████ ███ ███ ██████ █ ██████ ███████████ █████ ████████

Although the author does agree with (C), it’s too broad to be the main point. The author’s message concerns a specific code of ethics — the Hippocratic oath. The author argues for retaining a core principle of the oath while allowing for minor adaptations of the oath. (C) expresses the general idea that codes of ethics developed for one society can be useful for later societies, but it doesn’t capture the author’s particular point about the Hippocratic oath.

Even the criticisms ██ ███ ███████████ ████ █████ ██ ████████████ ██████ ███ █████ ████████ ███████ ██████ ██████ ██████ █████████ ████ ███ ██████████

This is too narrow to be the main point. The patients’ need for assurance and how it cannot be negated is simply one minor point in support of the view that the oath does not require a drastic overhaul or abandonment.

Modern ideas about ███████ ██████████ ███████ ███████ ███████ ███ ████ ███ ███ ███████████████ ██ █ ██████ ████ ██ ███████ ██████ ████ ███ ███████████ █████

Anti-supported, because the author wants to retain the Hippocratic oath.

PrepTest 118 - Section 2 - Passage 2 - Question 7

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