Self-study
Support All known living things are made of the same basic kinds of matter, are carbon based, and are equipped with genetic codes. ██ █████ ████ ███ ███ ████ ██████ ██ ███ █████ █████ █████
Summary
All known living things are made of the same kinds of matter, are carbon based, and have genetic codes. Therefore, humans have the same origin as all other known life.
Missing Connection
The conclusion is about humans’ origin of life, but the premise says nothing about humans’ origin of life.
How to get from premise to conclusion? Based on the premise, we know that all living things are comprised of the same stuff. We can infer the conclusion if we assume that living things made of the same stuff have the same origin.
12.
The conclusion follows logically if █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ████████
a
Without the existence ██ █████ ████ ██████ █████ ████ █████ █████ ████ ████ ████ ██████████
Irrelevant. The argument isn’t concerned with why humans came into existence, but rather how we know that humans have the same origin as all other known life.
b
There are not ███ ██████ ██████ ████ ████ ███████ █████ ███ ███ ███ ██████ ██████
This says nothing about humans’ origin of life, so it can’t be right. The conclusion is all about humans’ origin of life, yet the premise never discusses humans’ origin of life. The correct answer choice must bridge this gap.
c
There can never ██ ███ ██████ █████ ████ ████ ███ ████ █ ███████ █████
This says nothing about humans’ origin of life, so it can’t be right. The conclusion is all about humans’ origin of life, yet the premise never discusses humans’ origin of life. The correct answer choice must bridge this gap.
d
Many yet-to-be-discovered types ██ ██████ ██████ ████ ████ ██ ██████ ██████
This says nothing about humans’ origin of life, so it can’t be right. The conclusion is all about humans’ origin of life, yet the premise never discusses humans’ origin of life. The correct answer choice must bridge this gap.
e
Any two living ██████ ████ ██ ███ ████ █████ █████ ██ ██████ ████ ███ ████ ███████
According to the premise, all known living things are made of the same basic kinds of matter. If (E) is true, we can infer that human life has the same origin as all other known life, which is the argument’s conclusion.