Self-study
All societies recognize certain rules to be so crucial that they define those rules as duties, such as rules restricting violence and those requiring the keeping of agreements. █████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ █ ████ ██ ███ ████ ████ ███ ███████████ ██ ██ ███████████ ██ █ ████████ ███████████ ███████ ████ ███████ █████████ ██ ██ ██████ ██ ███████ ██ ███ ██████ ████ ███ ███████████ █████ ██ ███████ ██ █████ ██████████████ ████ █████ ████ ████████
Summary
According to the stimulus, all societies consider some rules so important that they are defined as duties. (For example, limiting violence and keeping promises.) Duties are considered so important to society that they must be fulfilled even if it harms the dutiful person’s self-interest. Therefore... what?
Strongly Supported Conclusions
Based on the stimulus, we can infer that:
All societies require people to restrict violence and keep their agreements to at least some extent, even if doing so is contrary to their self-interest.
All societies believe that people may sometimes be required to follow a duty instead of their self-interest.
13.
Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ █████████
a
all societies overrate ███ ████████ ██ ███████ ██████ ████ ██ █████ █████████ ███ ███████ ██ ██████████
This is not supported. The stimulus doesn’t indicate whether societies do or do not accurately estimate the benefits of certain rules, so we cannot draw this conclusion.
b
all societies have ███████ █████ ████ ██ ██████ ███ ███████ ██ █████████
This is not supported. The stimulus never suggests whether or not people are capable of following certain rules or duties, so we can’t infer this statement.
c
all societies recognize ███ ███████████ ██ ███████ ███████ ██████████ █████████████ ███ ███ ███████████ ██ ████
This is strongly supported. The stimulus says that all societies recognize some duties, and a duty inherently means something that cannot be excused by self-interest. That must mean that all societies recognize a possibility of a choice (or clash) between duty and self-interest.
d
a properly functioning ███████ ████ █████████ ████ ████ ██████ ████ ████████ ████ ██████
This is not supported. The stimulus doesn’t indicate a hierarchy of duties at all, nor does it suggest that duties will ever necessarily come into conflict. So, we can’t say that some duties would have to take priority.
e
societies have no █████ ██ ██████ ██████ ██████ ██ ███████ █████ ██████
This is not supported. The stimulus doesn’t indicate the limits of societies’ rights, nor does it talk about any scenario where someone could be excused from performing their duties.