Self-study
P1
In 1963, a three-week-long demonstration for jobs at the construction site of the Downstate Medical Center in Brooklyn, New York, became one of the most significant and widely publicized campaigns of the civil rights movement in the United States. ███
Intro topic ·
Demonstration for jobs at Downstate Medical Center
One of the most important and widely publicized campaigns in U.S. civil rights movement.
Details of demonstration ·
Led by African American ministers, supported by church congregations
Goal of demonstration ·
Force changes in government policies and trade union practices that excluded African Americans from construction jobs
P2
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Origin of demonstration ·
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) asked ministers to lead campaign
Risks to ministers ·
Ministers were politically moderate and embedded within major political parties and political offices
Leading a demonstration could damage ministers' political caraeers and reputation for effecting change through more established channels.
P3
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Impact of demonstration ·
Agreement to enforce existing antidiscrimination laws; drew public attention to construction discrimination; served as model for future protests by ministers
Some activists wanted more -- new laws or commitment to specific number of jobs for African Americans. But seems author's assessment is that demonstration was successful.
Passage Style
Single position
Spotlight
4.
Which one of the following ████ ███ ██████ ██████ ██ ███ ████████
a
CORE was one ██ ███████ █████ ██████ █████████████ ████ ██████████ ███ ██████ █████████ ██ ███ ████████████ █████████
We’re never told that CORE was one of several organizations that challenged hiring practices in the construction industry. It might have been the only organization that challenged these practices.
b
The Downstate campaign ██████ █████████ ██ ████ ███ █████ ████████ █████ ██████ █████████████ ███ ████ ██ ███ ████████
We’re never told that the campaign relied “primarily” on CORE and other civil rights organizations for most of its support. There might have been tremendous support from sources other than CORE or other national civil rights organizations (such as local organizations or the ministers’ own local congregations).
c
After the Downstate █████████ ███████ ███ ██████████████ ██ ███ ████████████ ████████ ███ ████████ █████████ ██████ ███ ████████ ██████ ███████
We’re never told that attention on discrimination in the construction industry was directed “primarily” toward the North. We know that attention was brought to the North; this doesn’t mean that attention was “primarily” on the North.
d
Many ministers of ███████ ████████ █████████████ ██ ████████ ███ ██████ ████████ ██ █████████ ███████
e
In response to ███ █████████ █████████ █████ █████████ ███████ ██ █████ ████████ █████████ █████ ███ ███ ██████ ██ ███████ ██████████
The campaign did not result in a commitment to specific numerical increase in jobs for African Americans.