Self-study
P1
According to the theory of gravitation, every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that increases as either the mass of the particles increases, or their proximity to one another increases, or both. ███████████ ██ ████████ ██ █████ ███ ██████████ ██ ██████ █████████ ███ ███ ██████ █████████ ███
Theory of gravitation ·
Gravity is believed to have shaped the structure of the universe
Gravity = every particle of matter attracts every other particle based on the mass of particles and how close they are to each other
Puzzling phenomenon ·
90% of the universe seems to be missing
The observable mass isn't enough to explain the universe.
Cosmologists' hypothesis ·
Dark matter
P2
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Elaborate on dark matter ·
Dark matter might be neutrinos
But, neutrinos have been assumed to have no mass. So, how could they be the dark matter that helps the universe take its shape? (Come back to this paragraph for details of exactly what neutrinos are.)
P3
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Elaborate on dark matter ·
Neutrinos do have mass, so they can, in theory, be dark matter
Research shows that neutrinos can oscillate. And oscillation requires mass. (Come back to this paragraph for details of exactly what oscillation is.)
P4
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Limits of neutrinos as dark matter ·
Neutrinos are at most about 20% of dark matter
There must be other particles that make up the rest of dark matter. Cosmologists still find the neutrino theory of dark matter helpful.
Passage Style
Phenomenon-hypothesis (RC)
Single position
16.
As described in the last █████████ ██ ███ ████████ ███ █████████████ ████████ ██ ███████ ███ ████ ██████ ███████ ██ ████ █████████ ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ ██████████
a
A child seeking ███████████ █████ ███ ██ ████ █████ ████████ █ ██████ ██████ ███ ██ ██████ ██ █ ████ ████ ████ ████████ ███ ██ ███ █████
This doesn’t involve the child getting part of what she wants. The family member didn’t teach the child anything. Instead, he refers the child to a book that will teach her how to play the game, which is what the child wanted to learn. A better answer would have stated that the family member taught the child some of the rules and then told the child to go to a library to look for chess books.
b
A child seeking ██ ████ █████ ██ ██████████ ██████ ██ ██████ ██ ████ ██████ █████ ███ █ ███████ ███ ██ ███████ ██ ███ █ ██████████ ████████
This doesn’t involve the child getting part of what she wants. Instead, it involves the child deciding to change her goal.
c
A child hoping ██ ███ █ ███ ███ ███ ████████ ██ █████████ ████████████ ████ ███ ███████ █████ ████ █ ███ ███ ██████████ ██████ ██ ████ ███ ███████
This doesn’t involve the child getting part of what she wants. Instead, it involves the child learning to be happy with what she got, even though it wasn’t what she wanted.
d
A child seeking █████ ██ ██████ █ █████ ██ █████ ████ ██ ███ █████ ██ ███ ██ ███ ████████ ███ ██ ███████ ██ ██ ██ ████ ██ ███ █████ ████████ ██ ███ ███ ██████████ ██████
This is the best answer, because it’s the only one that involves the child getting part of what she wants. She gets part of the money from a sibling, and then goes to her siblings for more money.
e
A child enjoys ███████ ██████ ████ ███ ████████████ ████████ ███ ███ ███████ ██████ ████ ███ ██████ ███████████ █████ ███ ███ █████████ ███ █████████ ███████
This doesn’t involve the child getting part of what she wants.