Self-study
Two things are true of all immoral actions. ██████ ██ ████ ███ █████████ ██ ███████ ████ ██████ ██████ ██████████████ ███████ ████ ███ ███████████ ██ ████████ ██ ██████
Summary
If an immoral action is performed in public, it offends public sensibilities.
All immoral actions are accompanied by feelings of guilt.
Notable Valid Inferences
There’s no clear inference to draw. Since we’re looking for an answer that must be false, we can anticipate that the answer will contradict one of the fact. So, it could be “some immoral actions that are performed in public do NOT offend public sensibilities” or “some immoral actions are NOT accompanied by feelings of guilt.”
7.
If all of the statements █████ ███ █████ ████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ████ ██ ██████
a
Some immoral actions ████ ███ ███ █████████ ██ ██████ ███ ███ ███████████ ██ ████████ ██ ██████
Must be false. All immoral actions are accompanied by feelings of guilt. So it can’t be true that some immoral actions (whether or not they are performed in public) aren’t accompanied by feelings of guilt.
b
Immoral actions are █████ ██████ ██ ██████ ██ █████ ███████████ ██ ████████ ██ ██████
Could be true. We don’t know whether or why immoral actions are wrong. So it could be true that this is the only reason immoral actions are wrong.
c
Some actions that ██████ ██████ █████████████ ██ ████ ███ █████████ ██ ██████ ███ ███ ███████████ ██ ████████ ██ ██████
Could be true. Some actions might not be accompanied by feelings of guilt, if they are not immoral actions. The stimulus only tells us about immoral actions, so anything could be true about moral actions.
d
Some actions that ███ ███████████ ██ ████████ ██ █████ ███ ███ ████████ ████ ██ ████ ██████████ ██████ ██████ ██████████████
Could be true. The stimulus only tells us about immoral actions. If an action is moral, anything could be true about it. So it’s possible some actions that aren’t accompanied by feelings of guilt are not immoral.
e
Every action performed ██ ██████ ████ ██ ███████████ ██ ████████ ██ █████ ██ ████████
Could be true. It’s possible every action that is accompanied by guilt is immoral. Although this would be an invalid inference from the facts, that doesn’t mean it must be false.