Self-study
Vervet monkeys use different alarm calls to warn each other of nearby predators, depending on whether the danger comes from land or from the air.
"Surprising" Phenomenon
Why do vervet monkeys use different alarm calls to warn each other of nearby land-based predators than they use to warn each other of nearby air-based predators?
Objective
The correct answer must provide a reason that using different alarm calls for land-based predators than air-based predators is beneficial to or necessary for vervet monkeys.
8.
Which one of the following, ██ █████ ███████████ ████ ██ ██ ███████████ ██ ███ ████████ ██ ██████ ███████ █████████ ██████
a
By varying the █████ ██ ███ █████ █████ █ ██████ ██████ ███ ████████ ███ ██████ ██ █████████ ████████████
The stimulus isn’t concerned with vervet monkeys alerting each other of the number of predators approaching. We’re focused on why the monkeys use different calls for predators coming by land than for predators coming by air.
b
Different land-based predators ███ ███████████ ███ █████████ ███████ ██ ██████ ██████ ███████
Knowing different land-based predators kill varying numbers of vervet monkeys doesn’t have anything to do with why the monkeys use different calls for land-based predators than for air-based predators.
c
No predators that ████ █ ██████ ██ ██████ ███████ ███ ██████ ████ ████ ████ ███ ████ ███ ████
(C) tells us that all predators that pose danger to vervet monkeys can be classified as fully land-based or fully air-based. However, (C) doesn’t help explain why the monkeys use different calls for the land-based predators than the air-based predators.
d
Vervet monkeys avoid ██████████ █████████ ██ ████████ █████ ███ █████ █████████ ████ ███ ███ ██ ██████ ████ ████████
This is a reason that using differentiated calls could benefit vervet monkeys. If the monkeys avoid land-based predators in a different way than they avoid air-based predators, differentiated calls could help the monkeys know which type of avoidance strategy to prepare to use.
e
Certain land-based predators ████ ████ ██ ██████ ████████ ███████ █████ ████████ ████ ███████ ██████ ███████ ████ ███ ███ █████ ██ ████ █████████ ████████
The diets of the predators that attack vervet monkeys are irrelevant. We’re only concerned with why the monkeys use different calls for land-based predators than for air-based predators.