Self-study
Support Human beings can exhibit complex, goal-oriented behavior without conscious awareness of what they are doing. █████ ██████ ████████████ ████ ████████ ███████ ███ ███████████ ████ ███ █████████ ████ ████ ████ ██████████████
Summary
The author concludes that animal intelligence is not sufficient to prove animals are conscious. His reasoning is that, when humans exhibit complex behavior, it is not sufficient to prove that they are conscious.
Notable Assumptions
The author’s support is about complex behavior, but his conclusion is about intelligence. What if those weren’t identical? Perhaps the humans who perform complex behaviors without being conscious also lack intelligence. If that were the case, being intelligent might be sufficient to prove that something is conscious, contradicting the author’s argument.
Therefore, he must assume that, if you exhibit complex, goal-oriented behavior, you have intelligence.
17.
Which one of the following ██ ██ ██████████ ██ █████ ███ ████████ ████████
a
Complex, goal-oriented behavior ████████ █████████████
The negation is: complex behavior does not require intelligence. If so, the humans exhibiting unconscious complex behavior might not be intelligent. We would then have no reason to believe that intelligence is not always associated with consciousness. This would contradict the author’s argument, so he must assume (A) is true.
b
The possession of █████████████ ████ ███ █████ ███ ██████████ ██ █████████████
The author’s argument refers to what intelligence implies, not what consciousness implies. (B) says that some things with consciousness don’t have intelligence; the author says that some things with intelligence don’t have consciousness.
c
All forms of █████████ ████████ ███████ ███ ████████ ██ █████████████
The author is assuming that all complex behavior requires intelligence, not that all conscious behavior requires intelligence.
d
The possession of ████████████ ███████ ███ ██████████ ██ ██████████████
On the contrary, the author concludes that intelligence by itself isn’t enough to prove that something is conscious.
e
Some intelligent human ████████ ██ ███████ ███████ ███ ██████████████
The author’s argument is about the implications of complex, goal-oriented human behavior, not intelligent human behavior. So making assumptions about intelligent human behavior is not necessary.