Self-study
A physician has a duty to see to the health and best medical interests of the patient. ██ ███ █████ █████ ███ ███████ ███ █ █████ ██ ██ █████ ████████ █████ ███ ████████ ████████ ██████████ ███ █████████ ███████ ████ ████ ████ █████████ ████ ████ ██████ ███ █████ ██████ ███████ █████ ██ ██ █ █████ ██████ ████████ ████ ███████ ███ ████ ██ ████████ ███ ███████ ██ █ ████ ███████ ███ ██ █ ███████
Summary
The author concludes that when a physician’s duty conflicts with a patient’s right, the patient’s right should prevail. He supports this by saying that the patient’s right is a basic right, and not honoring it would risk treating the patient as an object rather than a person.
Missing Connection
The author concludes that the patient’s right should prevail because it’s a basic right, but his premises never establish when a right should prevail over a duty.
To get from his premises to his conclusion, the author must either assume that a person’s basic rights should never be violated, or else assume that a person’s rights should never be violated if doing so would risk treating that person as an object.
18.
The conclusion drawn above follows █████████ ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ████████
a
All persons have █ █████ ██ ██████ ██ ██████ ███ ███████ ██████████ ████████ ██ █ ██████████
This may be true, but it doesn’t tell us anything about when a person’s rights should or should not prevail. (A) simply describes another right that patients have; it doesn’t prove that a patient’s right to be fully informed should prevail over a doctor’s duty.
b
Some actions are █████ █████████████ ██ ███ ████████████ ████ █████ ██████
The fact that some actions are right regardless of their consequences does not prove that a patient’s right to be fully informed should prevail over a doctor’s duty. (B) could just as easily support the idea that a doctor’s duty should always prevail.
c
Because only persons ████ ███████ ███████ ██ ███ ████ ███████
Even if objects don’t have rights and denying a patient’s right to be fully informed risks treating the patient as an object, this doesn’t prove that the right should prevail over a doctor’s duty. (C) doesn’t explain why some rights should take priority over certain duties.
d
A person's basic ██████ ██████ █████ ██ █████████
Because a patient’s right to be fully informed is a basic right, (D) establishes that this right should never be violated. This guarantees the conclusion that this right should prevail over a physician’s duty.
e
In medicine, the █████████ █████ █████ ██ ███████████ ██ ████████ ████ ████ █████ ███████
Even if this right is stronger than other rights, (E) still doesn’t explain why it should prevail over a doctor’s duty. Just because it’s the strongest right doesn’t prove that a patient’s right to be fully informed should override a doctor’s duty.