Self-study
Occultist: The issue of whether astrology is a science is easily settled: Conclusion it is both an art and a science. ███ ██████████ ██████████ ███ ███ ███████████ ███████████ ███ ███ ████████████ █████████ ██████ ██ ██████ ██ ████████████ ██████ ███ ███ ██ ██ ███ █████████ ██ █ █████████ ██ ███████ ███ ███████ ████ █ ████████ █████████ ██ █████ █████████ ██ ██ ███████████
Summarize Argument
The occultist concludes that astrology is both an art and a science. She says that the scientific components come from the math and astronomy used to create an astrological chart, while the art is in combining various factors and symbols to make meaningful statements about a person.
Identify and Describe Flaw
This is the cookie-cutter flaw of confusing part v. whole, where the author assumes that what’s true about the individual parts of something must also be true about that thing as a whole.
In this case, the occultist assumes that astrology is a science simply because some parts of astrology involve components of science.
25.
The reasoning in the occultist's ████████ ██ ████ ██████████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ ███ ████████
a
presumes, without providing ██████████████ ████ ███ ███████ ████ ███████ ███████████ ███████████
Like (E), the occultist never makes any claims about any science. She just claims that astrology is a science because it involves complicated mathematical and astronomical knowledge.
b
incorrectly infers that █ ████████ ██ █ ███████ ██████ ████ ███ ████ ████ ███ ████████ ███ ████ ██████████ ██████████
The occultist incorrectly infers that the whole practice of astrology is a science merely from the fact that astrology has some scientific components— mathematical and astronomical knowledge.
c
denies the possibility ████ █████████ ████████ ██████████ ████ ███ ███████ ████████ ███ ██████████
The occultist doesn’t deny this possibility. Astrology might involve other components, like religious or spiritual components, that aren’t artistic or scientific. But this doesn’t affect the argument that it’s an art and a science.
d
incorrectly infers that ████████████ █████████ ██ ██████████ ██████ ████ ███ ████ ████ ████ █████████ ██ ██████ ██ ██████ ██ ████████████ █████
The occultist incorrectly infers that astrological— not astronomical— knowledge is scientific from the fact that astronomical knowledge is needed to create an astrological chart.
e
presumes, without providing ██████████████ ████ ███ ███ ████ ███████ ███ █████████ ██ █ █████████ ██ ███████ ███ ███████
Like (A), the occultist never makes any claims about any art. She just claims that astrology is an art because it involves the synthesis of a multitude of factors and symbols.