PT124.S4.P4.Q21

PrepTest 124 - Section 4 - Passage 4 - Question 21

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P1

Sometimes there is no more effective means of controlling an agricultural pest than giving free rein to its natural predators. █ ████ ██ █████ ██ ███ ████████ █████ █ ████ █████ ██████████ ███ ██ ███████████ ██████████ ██ █ █████████ ████ ██ ███ █████ ███████████████

Intro topic · Controlling cyclamen mites using Typhlodromus mites
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Problem · Infestation of strawberry plants by cyclamen mites
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Solution · Typhlodromus mites
Attack in second year of infestation, when cyclamen mite populations reach damaging levels
P2

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Introduce explanation · Several reasons why Typhlodromus is a good solution
Reason 1: Voracious appetite
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Reason 2 · Typhlodromus population grows as quickly a cyclamen's
Both reproduce by parthenogenesis
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Reasons 3 and 4 · Reproductive timing and alternative sources of food
Reason 3: Typhlodromus only reproduces when cyclamen prey is available. Reason 4: Typhlodromus has other food sources, allowing it to survive when cyclamen mites are scarce.
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Draw similarity · Typhlodromus is similar to other predators that control prey
Because of reasons 1-4
P3

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Support solution · Experiments correlate presence of Typhlodromus with lower cyclamen populations
P4

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Implications of experiment · Pesticide use can cause more harm than good...
...if pesticides kill predators like Typhlodromus
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Reinforce implications · Where pesticide (parathion) used, Typhlodromus absent and cyclamen populations higher
Again, correlation between presence of Typhlodromus and lower cyclamen populations
Passage Style
Problem-analysis
Single position
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21.

Based on the passage, the ██████ █████ ████████ ████ ████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██████████ ██ ███████████ ██ █████████ █████████ ███████ ██ ████████████ ██████

a

The reproduction of ███ ████████ ██████████ ██████ ██ ████████████ ████ ████ ██ ███ ████ ███████████ ██ ████ ███ ██████ ██ █████████ ██████ ████ █████ ██ █ █████ ██ ████ ████████

No evidence the author uses this principle, because we’re not told the Typhlodromus population surges “just prior” to a surge in the cyclamen population. The Typhlodromus population might surge just after a surge in the cyclamen population.

25%
b

The effectiveness of ███ █████████ ████████████ ██████ ██ ██████████████ ████████████ ██ ██████████ ██ ████ ██ █████ █████████████

Although the author discusses greenhouse experiments and field observations that support the claim that Typhlodromus mites can effectively control cyclamen mites, this doesn’t imply that she thinks these kinds of experiments and observations are “fundamental” to long-term predatory control of agricultural pests. They might add evidence for the belief that sometimes predators can control pests long-term, but there’s no reason we’d have to do these experiments or make these observations in the field in order for the predators to actually keep pests in control.

6%
c

The prey population ██████ ██ ████ ██ ███████ ██ █████ ██ ███ ████ █████████████ ██ ████ ███ ████████ ██████████ ████ ███ ████████ ██ ████ ███ ███████

No evidence the author uses this principle, because the author doesn’t suggest that it is important for the cyclamen population to survive in times of low crop productivity. What is important is for the predatory Typhlodromus to be able to survive in times of low crop productivity so that when the prey population surges again, the predators are still around.

6%
d

The predator population's █████ ██ ███████████ ██ ███ ████ ███████ ██████ ██ ██████████ ██ ██████████ ██ ███ ████ ██ ███ ████ ███████████

This is a principle used by the author, because she points out the Typhlodromus’s “seasonal synchrony” with the “growth of prey populations” as contributing to the effectiveness of Typhlodromus as a way to control the cyclamen population.

57%
e

The predator population ██████ ██ ██████████ ████ ██ ██████████ ██ █████ ███ ████ ██████████ ██ ████ ███████████

It would make sense for the prey population to be vulnerable only to pesticides that the predator population is not vulnerable to, so that when we use pesticides against the prey we don’t kill the predators. But we have no reason to think the author believes the predator population should be vulnerable to only the pesticides the prey population is also vulnerable. The author would want a difference in what pesticides the predators and prey are vulnerable to.

6%

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