Self-study
None of the students taking literature are taking physics, but several of the students taking physics are taking art. ██ █████████ ████ ██ ███ ████████ ██████ ████████ ███ ██████ ████████
Summary
The stimulus can be diagrammed as follows:
Notable Valid Inferences
Some art students aren’t taking literature.
Some art students aren’t taking rhetoric.
Some students take neither rhetoric nor literature.
19.
Which one of the following ██████████ ███████ █████████ ████ ███ ██████████ ██████
a
There are students ███ ███ ██████ ███ ███ ███ ███████████
This must be true. As shown below, there must be some overlap between students taking art and students not taking literature.
b
None of the ████████ ██████ ██████████ ███ ██████ ████
This could be false. We know that some art students aren’t taking literature, but we can’t say that none of the literature students are taking art.
c
There are students ███ ███ ██████ ████████ ███ ███ ███████████
This could be false. We know that there are some students who take neither rhetoric nor literature; it could be the case that some students take one but not the other.
d
None of the ████████ ██████ ████████ ███ ██████ ███████████
This could be false. We know that there are some students who take neither rhetoric nor literature; we just can’t say that no students who take rhetoric take literature.
e
There are students ███ ███ ██████ ████ ███ ███ ███████████
This could be false. We know that some art students aren’t taking literature, but it could be the case that some students do take art and literature.