Self-paced
Fund-raiser: A charitable organization rarely gives its donors the right to vote on its policies. ███ █████████ ██ ████████ █████████ ███ █████████ █████ █████████████ █████ █████████ ██████ ████ ████ ██ ██ █████████ ██████████ ██ ███ ████████ █████ ████ █████████ █████ ████████ ████████ ███ ██████ ██ █████ ████ █████ ███████ █████████ ██ ██████ ██████ ███ █████ ██ █████
Summary
Donors feel less connected to charities if they can’t directly influence how those charities spend money, so most charities could raise more money by giving donors the ability to vote on the charity’s policies.
Notable Assumptions
The argument moves from a claim about when donors feel emotionally connected to charities to a conclusion about how most charities would be able to raise more money. There is nothing, however, specifically stating why donors feeling an emotional connection would lead them to donate more. This connection is therefore a necessary assumption for the argument’s conclusion to follow from the premises.
18.
Which one of the following ██ ██ ██████████ ████ ███ █████████████ ████████ ███████ ███
a
The most effective ███ ███ █ ███████ ██ ████ █████████ ██████ ███ ███████ ██ ████████ █████████ ████ ████ ███████ ████ ██ ██ ██████ ██████ ███ █████ ██ ████ ██ ███ █████████ █████████
Even if this isn’t the most effective way for a charity to give donors influence, it still would give them some influence and could therefore help build an emotional connection. The argument doesn’t need voting to be the only way to increase contribution.
b
Most charities that ████ █████████ ███ ██████ ██ █████ ████ █████ ███████ █████████ ████ ████ ██ ██ ██████ █████████ ██████ ████ █ ███████ █████████ ██████████ ██ ███ ████████
The argument is making a claim about what will happen in the future and doesn’t need a statement about what has happened for most charities in the past. Even if charities in the past increased donation money without building an emotional connection, building a connection could still be a good way for charities now to receive increased donations.
c
Every charity that ███ █████ ██████ ███ █████ ██ ████ ██ ███ ████████ ███ ████ █ ██████ ████████ ██ ███ █████████ ██████████ ██████ ████ ██ ████ ████████
Too strong. The argument makes a claim about most charities, and doesn’t need an assumption about what happens to every single charity that gives donors the right to vote.
d
Most potential donors ██ █ ███████ ███ █████████ ██ ████ ████ ███████ ███ █████ ██ █████ ██ ██ ████████ ███ ███ ████ ██ ████ ███ █████████ ██ ████ █████████ █████████
Too strong. The argument does not need to assume that donors will not give any money at all without influence, only that donors will give more money if they do have influence.
e
The emotional connection █████████ ██████ ████ ██ █ ███████ ███ ██████ ███ ██████ ██ █████ ████ ███████ ██████ ███████ ██████████
This provides the missing link between emotional connection and donation amounts. If this were false, then there would be no reason to think that establishing an emotional connection through voting would change anything about the amount raised through donations.