Self-study
Politician: It is widely accepted that because democratic politics cannot exist without debate about political issues, and because self-governance flourishes when citizens are allowed to express their feelings verbally, Support a democratically governed society should refrain from interfering in individual citizens' speech. █ █████ ████ █ ██████████████ ████████ ███████ ██████ ████ ███████ ████ ██████████ ██████ ███████ ████ ███ ████████ ███ ████████ ██ ███ █████████ ███ ████ ██ ███████ █ █████ ██ ████████████████ ███ ██ ███ ████ █████ ██ ████ █ ███████ ██ █████████ ███████████ ███████ █████ ██████
Summarize Argument
The politician concludes that a democratic society should not control its citizens’ personal appearance. This is supported by the claims that personal appearance is a way for citizens to express themselves and potentially make political statements. This makes appearance similar to the free verbal expression upon which democratic societies rely.
Describe Method of Reasoning
The politician describes an accepted attitude toward one case and draws an analogy to another case with comparable features to reason that a similar attitude should apply to the latter case. By presenting personal appearance as analogous to free speech because both allow expression, the politician argues that democratic societies should not control personal appearance, just as they should not control speech.
8.
A logical strategy used in ███ ████████████ ████████ ██ ██
a
argue for a ██████████ ██ ██████████ ████ ███ ████████ ██████████ █████ ██ ██ █████████
The politician does not discuss the implications of the opposite conclusion to the one reached in the argument. The argument is presented directly, without discussing counter-arguments.
b
reach a general ██████████ █████ ██ ███ ███████ ██ █████ ███████████████ ██ ██ █████████ ██████
The politician does not reach a general conclusion at all, only a conclusion about the specific case of personal appearance in a democracy. Also, there’s no empirical thesis here which could lack counterexamples.
c
support a conclusion ██ ████████ ████ ██ ██ ██████ ████████
The politician does not claim that the conclusion drawn in the argument is widely accepted. The only widely accepted attitude which the politician cites is about an analogous case used to support the conclusion.
d
reach a conclusion █████ ██ ████████ ████ ██ ███████ ██ ████████ ████████ ███████ ██ ███████ ██ █████████ ████
The politician concludes that personal appearance should be free in a democratic society based on evidence that personal appearance is a form of self-expression, and self-expression is commonly thought to support the analogous case of verbal free speech.
e
reach a conclusion █████ ████ ██████████████ ████████ █████████ ████████ ██ █████ ██ ████████ █████ ████ ██████████████ ████████ █████████ ██████ ██
The politician doesn’t make a conclusion about what democratic societies actually do, only about what they should do.