Self-study
Passage A discusses the views of the economist and political thinker Thomas Sowell. ███████ █ ██ ███████ ████ ██ ███████ ██ ███████
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P1
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Define "cosmic justice" ·
Idealized form of justice, requires perfect knowledge
Author's persepective ·
Legal system cannot and should not try to dispense cosmic justice
Because we don't have perfect knowledge.
P2
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Explain ·
Why we cannot know what someone deserves
We don't have the information or intelligence needed to weigh every relevant factor.
Author's conclusion ·
Should base justice on consequences, not causes
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P3
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Draw distinction ·
Between cosmic justice and traditional justice
Traditional justice is based on process. Inference: if cosmic justice is fundamentally different from traditional justice, then cosmic justice is not based on process.
Illustrate ·
How traditional justice is based on process
P4
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Illustrate ·
How cosmic justice accounts for other factors besides process
Note author's perspective: the goals of cosmic justice are "foolish."
Author's perspective ·
Cosmic justice reduces deterrence
Passage Style
23.
Which one of the following ██ ████ █████████ ██ ███ ████ ██ ████████ ████ ███████ ██████████
a
A local library ███████ ████████ █████ █████ ███ ███████ █████████ ███ ████ █████ ████ ██ ███████ ███████
This doesn’t involve a consideration of factors that influenced a child/adult to turn in a book late.
b
In assigning grades, █ ███████ █████ ████ ███████ ███ ████ ███████ ███████████ ███ █████ ████████████ ███ ████ ██████████ ███████ ██████ ██ ██████████ █████████
This is most analogous to what the authors criticize, because it involves an attempt to take into account factors that contribute to a students’ performance in class and on written assignments, rather than simply looking at only what the student output.
c
In assigning employee ███████ ███████ ██████████ █████ ████ ███████ ██ ██████████ ████ ███████ ███ █████ ██ ███████ ███ ███ ████████
This doesn’t involve a consideration of factors that influenced an employee’s performance or seniority level.
d
An employer with █ ██████ ███████ ██ ███ ██████████████ ██ ██████ ██ █ █████ ██ ████ █████████ █████ ██████████
This doesn’t involve a consideration of factors that influenced an employer to discriminate by age.
e
A university admits ████████ █████ ███ ████ ██ ████████ ████████████ ███ ████ ██ ██████████ ███████████████ ██████████ ███ █████████ ████████
This doesn’t involve a consideration of factors that influenced students’ achievement.