Self-study
Support If legislators are to enact laws that benefit constituents, they must be sure to consider what the consequences of enacting a proposed law will actually be. ████████████ ████████████ ████ ██ █████ ████ ████ ███████ █████████████ █████████ █████████ ████ █████████ █████ ███ █████████ ████████ ███████████ ███████ ███████████ ██ █████████ ██████ ████ ███████ ██ █████ ██████████ ██████ ██████████ ██ ██████████ ███ ███ ████████████
Summary
For legislators to pass laws that benefit constituents, it is necessary to consider the effects of a potential law. Legislators currently present laws in strongly worded and emotional ways, which promotes strong reactions from other legislators. Therefore, legislators today don’t pass laws that benefit their constituents.
Notable Assumptions
This argument provides a necessary condition for a beneficial law (considering its effects), before stating that legislators are currently emotional and therefore don’t pass beneficial laws. It is missing a connection between the legislators being emotional and the fact that they don’t meet the necessary condition for the laws they pass to be beneficial.
14.
Which one of the following ██ ██ ██████████ ██ █████ ███ ████████ ████████
a
Legislation will not ███████ ████████████ ██████ ███████████ ██████ ████ █████████ ████ █████ ███ ████████
This is too strong - the argument doesn’t need to assume that the only way to pass beneficial laws is to be less concerned. Its conclusion is only that they are currently not passing beneficial laws, and adding a new condition on how to pass a beneficial law isn’t necessary to get there.
b
Legislatures that enact ████ ████ ███████ ████████████ ███ ██████████ █████████████
The argument is not concerned with the notion of successful legislatures and doesn’t need to assume anything about them.
c
The passage of ████ ██████ ███████ ████████████ ██████ ████████████ █████████ ██████ ██ █████ █████
The argument is focused only on how to enact beneficial laws - not what happens once they’re enacted. It does not need to add conditions on constituents for how they can actually get these benefits.
d
Legislators considering a ████████ ███ ███ █████ ████ ████ ██████████ ██ ██████████ ██ ███ ████████ ███ ████████████ ████ ██ ████ ████████ █████
This provides the necessary connection between being emotional and failing to meet the necessary condition for a beneficial law. If this were false, then the legislators today could still be passing beneficial laws even though they’re emotional while doing so.
e
The inability of ███████████ ██ ████████ ███ ██████ ████████████ ██ ████████ █ ████████ ███ ██ ███ ██ █████ ██████ ████████ █████ ████ ████
This is too strong. The argument does not need a specific causal claim about what specific part of the legislators being emotional stops them from considering consequences. It only needs to note more generally that these legislators do not consider the consequences.