PT129.S1.Q23

SECTION 1 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25

SECTION 2 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26

SECTION 3 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25

SECTION 4 · rc

PASSAGE 1
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5

PASSAGE 2
Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12

PASSAGE 3
Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19

PASSAGE 4
Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26 Question 27

PrepTest 129 - Section 1 - Question 23

Question

Explanation

Analytics

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Support In scientific journals, authors and reviewers have praised companies in which they have substantial investments. █████ ███████████ ████ █████ █████████ ████████ ██ █████████ ████ ████ ████████ ███ █████████ ██ ██████████ ████████ ██ █████ ██████ ██ ████ ██████ ██████████ ██ ██████████ ████████ ██████████ █████████

Objective: Identify the Principle

The author concludes that scientific authors' investments should be publicly disclosed. Why? Because some scientific authors have praised companies they're also invested in, and this conflict of interest threatens scientific integrity. So what's going on here is the author identifies an issue of integrity, and proposes a solution involving information disclosure.

Looking closely at the argument, we want to find out what unstated principle the author relies on. This principle will essentially be a missing premise that guides the author's reasoning. And it looks like we're missing a link in between identifying the problem and proposing the solution. There are many possible ways we could address this question of integrity, so the principle guides the author to choose a specific solution, in this case disclosure.

If we state the implicit principle abstractly, it would be something like "situations with the potential for a conflict of interest should be addressed by disclosing information about the potential conflict." Of course, there are many ways to state an equivalent principle, but what matters is we need to find an answer where the same principle is at play. We're looking for a situation with a possible conflict of interest, with a recommendation of disclosing information.

Analysis by AlexandraNash

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23.

Which one of the following ████████ ████ ███████ ██ ███ █████████ ███████████ ██ ███ ████████ ██████

Managers within any ███████████ ██████ ███ ████ ███████████ ██ ███ █████████ ███ █████ ████ █████

This situation might involve a conflict of interest, but it doesn't involve any information disclosure, so it doesn't match the stimulus. To match, (A) would need to recommend that these managers disclose information about their investments.

Claims about the █████████████ ██ ███████████████ ██████ ██ █████ ██ ██████████ ████████

This situation involves neither a conflict of interest nor a recommendation to disclose information, meaning it doesn't match the principle in the stimulus. Instead, (B) is about what kind of evidence should serve as the grounds for the claims one makes, which is a different topic altogether.

People with access ██ █████████ ███████ ███████████ █████████ ███ █████ ██ ██████ ██████ ███ ██ ███████ ██ ████ ██ ████████ █████ ███████

(C) might involve a conflict of interest, but it doesn't say anything about disclosing information, just about who should be allowed to trade stocks. To match the stimulus, we would need to solve the issue by making the insider information public, which isn't what (C) recommends.

Magazine publishers should ███ ██ ███████ ██ ██████ ██ ███ █████████ ████ █████████ ██ █████ ██████████

Like (A) and (C), this situation may check our first box of "conflict of interest," but it doesn't solve that conflict with information disclosure, which is what it would need to do to match the stimulus. (D) takes the approach of prohibiting certain actions, but that's not what we're looking for.

Financial advisers should ██████ █████ ███████ █████ ███ ██████████ ███ ████████ ███████ ███ █████████ ███████████ ██ ██████████ ██████████

(E) has both the elements we're looking for: there's a conflict of interest, and it's solved by disclosing information. The financial advisers here match the scientific authors in the stimulus, and the recommendation to inform their clients matches the stimulus' recommendation to disclose one's holdings. Because all the stated elements match, we can infer that the underlying principle also matches: it takes us from a similar situation to a similar conclusion.

Difficulty

Question

83% of people who answer get this correct

This is a moderately difficult question.

CURVE

Score of students with a 50% chance of getting this right

25% 144

151

75% 158

Analysis

Question Stem Tags

Parallel method of reasoning

Stimulus Tags

Rule-application

Value judgment

Answer Popularity

Popularity Avg. score

155

153

156

83%

165

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