Self-study
Support When a society undergoes slow change, its younger members find great value in the advice of its older members. ███ ████ █ ███████ █████████ █████ ███████ █████ ██████ █████ ████ ██████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██ █████ ██████ ██ ████████ ██ █████ ███ ██ ██ ███ █████ █████ ███████ █████ ██ ███ ███████ ███ ████ ██ █████ █ ███████ ██ ████████ ██ █████████ ███ ██████ ██ █████████ ███ ███████ ███████ ████ ██ █████ ███████
Summary
When society changes slowly, young people care about what their elders have to say, but when it changes quickly they don’t. Measuring how much deference young people show to their elders can therefore tell us how quickly society is changing.
Notable Assumptions
The premises of this question focus on how much young people value their elders’ advice, while the conclusion shifts focus to the amount of deference they show to their elders. One missing assumption is therefore that there’s a link between how much young people value the advice of their elders and how much deference they show them. There might also be a second assumption that it’s even possible to measure the amount of deference young people show to their elders.
22.
Which one of the following ██ ██ ██████████ ██ █████ ███ ████████ ████████
a
A society's younger ███████ ███ █████ ██████████ ███████ ███████ ████ ███████ ██ ████████ ████████
Whether or not young people can discern how quickly society changes isn’t relevant to the argument. The argument’s premises tell us that the amount of value given to the advice of elders changes based on how quickly society changes, which can support the argument’s conclusion whether young people have this ability or not.
b
How much deference █████ ██████ ████ ██ █████ ██████ ███████ ██ ███ ████ ██ ███ ███████ ██████████ ██ ███████████ ██████ ██ █████
The argument’s focus is on using the amount of deference to measure how fast society is changing - the other reasons for that deference aren’t relevant to the approach.
c
The deference young ██████ ████ ██ █████ ██████ ██████ █████████ ██ ███ ████ ███ █████ █████ █████ ███████ ███████
This provides the missing link between value and deference. If (C) were to be negated, there would be no connection between value and deference. The premises about value therefore wouldn’t support the conclusion about deference.
d
The faster a ███████ ████████ ███ ████ ████████ ███ ██████████ ██ █████ ███████ ██ ███ ███████ ██ ██ ███████ ████████
The argument is only concerned with how we can use deference to measure the rate at which society is changing - reasons for why advice might not be useful or there might be a lack of deference aren’t necessary.
e
Young people value █████ ███████ ██████ ████ ███████ ██ ███ ███████ ██████████ ██ ███████████ ██████ ██ █████
The argument does not need to explain the reasons why young people either do or do not value their elders’ advice - the focus is only on how the amount of deference shown can be used to measure how quickly society is changing.