Self-paced
When Copernicus changed the way we think about the solar system, he did so not by discovering new information, but by looking differently at information already available. ██████ ████████ █████████ ██ █ ████████ ███████ ████████ ████ ██ ███████ ███ █████ ██ ███████ ██████████ ████ ███ ████ ████ ██████ ████████ ██ █████ ███████ ██ ███████ ████ █████████████ ██ ████ █████
Summary
History is full of people making breakthroughs by changing the way they thought about a particular topic. For example, Copernicus made advancements by looking differently at information already available. Jenner discovered the smallpox vaccine when he focused on disease prevention rather than the more common perspective of curing disease.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
Scientific advancement can result in part from taking a new perspective.
3.
The examples provided above illustrate █████ ███ ██ ███ ██████████
a
Many valuable intellectual ███████████████ █████ ██ ███████
Unsupported. We don’t know that the examples discussed in the stimulus involved discoveries by “chance.” There might not have been anything random about these discoveries.
b
Shifting from earlier █████ ██ ███████ ███ ██████ ██ █████████ █████████
Strongly supported. The stimulus provides several examples of scientific advances that came after scientists changed the way they thought about a topic. This is evidence that such changed perspectives can result in advances.
c
The ability to ████ ██ ███████████ ████ █ █████████ █████ ██ ████ ██ █████
Unsupported. The stimulus doesn’t suggest anything about the frequency of the ability to take a different point of view. Maybe the vast majority of people have this ability.
d
Understanding is advanced ████ █████ ██ ██████ ████████████ ██ █████████ ███████████ ████ ██ ██ ██ ███ ████████████ ██ ███ ████████████
Unsupported. The stimulus doesn’t compare the likelihood of advancement through new information vs. organization of existing information.
e
Dramatic intellectual breakthroughs ███ ████ ██████ ████████████ ██ ██████ ██ █████ ███ ██████ ██ ███████████ █████████ ██ ██████████ ██████
Unsupported. The stimulus doesn’t compare the ease of making breakthroughs in different fields. We don’t know that the fields involved in the examples in the stimulus involve different amounts of information available.