Self-study
Madden: Industrialists address problems by simplifying them, but in farming that strategy usually leads to oversimplification. ███ ████████ ██████████████ ███ █████ █████████ ███ ████████ ██ █████████ ███ ████████ ████████████████ ████ ███████ ████ ██████ ███ ███████ █████ ██ █ ████ █████ ██ ██████████ ██████ ██ ██████████ █████ ██████████ ████ ███ █ ███████ ██ █ ████ ██ ██████████ █████████ ████ ███ █████ █████ █ ██████ ██ █ ██████████ ████ ███████ ████████ ███ ███████ ████ ██████ ████ ███████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ ███ ██████████████ ███ ██ ███ ███████
Summary
Industrialists' problem-solving strategy of simplification leads to oversimplification in the domain of farming. For example, an industrialist sees water retention and drainage as opposite functions. In fact, good soil has both properties at once. Industrialists would facilitate retention by using a terrace or dam, and they would facilitate drainage using a drain tile, ditch, or subsoiler. In farming, more problems are created than solved using the industrialists’ methods.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
Effective problem-solving in farming requires recognizing the complexity of a given problem.
Industrialists' preferred strategy is unhelpful in solving at least some farming problems.
16.
The situation as Madden describes ██ ████ ███████████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ █████████████
a
The handling of █████ ████████ ███ █████████ ██ ███ ████ █████████ ████ ██ ████ ████████
This answer is unsupported. We don’t know whether drainage and retention are the most important factors of good farming. These factors were just given as an example.
b
The problems of ███████ ██████ ██ ██████ ██ ███ █████ ███████████
This answer is strongly supported. Madden’s criticism of industrialists is that they simplify problems, which in farming results in oversimplification and causes more problems than it solves. This lets us infer that farming problems are better considered as complex, rather than simplified.
c
Farmers are better ████ ██████ ████ ██ ███████ ███████ █████████
This answer is unsupported. We don’t know whether farmers are better than anyone else. Even saying that farmers are better suited than industrialists is making an assumption, because the stimulus never discusses farmers' problem-solving approach.
d
Industrial solutions for ████████ ██ ███████ ██████ █████ ██ ███████
This answer is unsupported. Saying industrial solutions should "never" be sought is too strong. We only know from the stimulus that these solutions usually lead to oversimplification. There could be some instances where these solutions work just fine.
e
The approach to ███████ ███████ ███████ ██ ██████████████ ██ █████████████ ███████
This answer is unsupported. Madden is not arguing that an industrialist approach to solving problems is “fundamentally flawed.” Rather, Madden is arguing that these approaches are flawed when specifically applied to farming.