Self-study
Support Anyone who believes in democracy has a high regard for the wisdom of the masses. ███████ ████████ ██ ██ ███████ ███ ████████ ████ ███ ███████ ████ ██ ███████ ██ ████████ ██ ██ █████ █████ ██████ ████ ███ ███████ ██ ██████████
Summary
The author concludes that Griley does not believe in democracy, because Griley is an elitist that doesn’t think popular art is typically good. The author also supports her conclusion by asserting that anyone who believes in democracy also respects the opinions of the general populace.
Missing Connection
The conclusion says Griley doesn’t believe in democracy. But what about Griley excludes him from believing in democracy? To validly conclude this, we need to know that Griley has failed the necessary condition for believing in democracy, which is respecting general populace opinion. We only know two things about Griley (elitist, doesn’t think popular art is likely to be good), so we need one of these things to be linked to a failure of respecting general opinion.
19.
The conclusion follows logically if █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ████████
a
Anyone who believes ████ ██ ███████ ██ ████████ ██ ██ ████ ██ ██ ██ ███████ ██ ██ ████████
We do not need to conclude that Griley is an elitist—we were already told this.
b
Anyone who believes ████ ██ ██ ███████ ██ ███████ ██ ██ ████████ ██ ██ ████ ████ ███ ████ █ ████ ██████ ███ ███ ██████ ██ ███ ███████
This is a direct link from Griley’s belief about popular art to not having respect for general opinion. So, Griley fails the necessary condition for believing in democracy.
c
If Griley is ███ ██ ████████ ████ ██ ███ █ ████ ██████ ███ ███ ██████ ██ ███ ███████
Griley is an elitist, so we cannot invoke this sufficient condition. The contrapositive would conclude that Griley is an elitist and, like (A), we already know that.
d
Anyone who does ███ ████ █ ████ ██████ ███ ███ ██████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ ██ ███████ ███ ████████ ████ ██ ██ ███████ ██ ███████ ██ ██ ████████ ██ ██ █████
Like (A) and (C), we do not need to conclude that Griley is an elitist. Also, this is the contrapositive of (C).
e
Unless Griley believes ██ ██████████ ██████ ████ ███ ████ █ ████ ██████ ███ ███ ██████ ██ ███ ███████
This could lead to a conclusion that Griley does believe in democracy, or that Griley does not have a high regard for the wisdom of the masses. Neither are what we need. We need to conclude that Griley does not believe in democracy.