Self-study
Chiu: Conclusion The belief that a person is always morally blameworthy for feeling certain emotions, such as unjustifiable anger, jealousy, or resentment, is misguided. ███████████ ███ ███████████ ███ ████ ████ ██ █████ █████ ████████ ███ ███████ ███ █████ ████ ██ ███████ ██ ███ ██████ █████ █████ ████████
Summary
Chiu concludes that, in feeling certain emotions, people’s morals aren’t always to blame. She supports this with an inference that people aren’t always responsible for certain emotions. This inference comes from the premises (two conditional statements).
Missing Connection
The conclusion is about moral blame, but the support doesn’t discuss this. Chiu has successfully supported the inference that people aren’t responsible for certain emotions. This inference leads to the conclusion if we assume that if someone isn’t responsible for something, then they are not morally blameworthy.
16.
Chiu's conclusion follows logically if █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ████████
a
Individuals do not ████ ███████ ████ █████ ███████ ████ ████ ████ ███████ █████████
This answer doesn’t address moral blameworthiness. Moral blameworthiness is in the conclusion, but we were not provided any information about this in the support. So, we need that concept to be in our answer choice.
b
If a person ██ ███████ ███████████ ███ ██████████ ████ ████ ██████ ██ ███████████ ███ ███
The contrapositive of this is, “If a person is not responsible for something, then they are not morally blameworthy.” This is a link that leads from what was inferred in the argument (people are not always responsible) to the conclusion.
c
Although a person ███ █████████ ██ █████████████ ██████ ████████ ██ ██████████ █████ ███ █████████ ████ █████ ████████ ███ ████████████
Appropriateness is irrelevant here. We cannot assume anything about the relationship between appropriateness and responsibility, or appropriateness and moral blame.
d
If an emotion ██ █████ █ ████████ ████████ ████ ████ ██████ ██████ ████ ██████ ███████████ ███ ███
(D) does not address moral blame. Without that, we cannot build a bridge from support to conclusion. Additionally, the ability to hold others responsible is irrelevant.
e
The emotions for █████ █ ██████ ██ ████ ████████ ██████ ███ █████ ████ ███ █████ ████ ████████ ████████
Knowing which emotions people are most commonly blamed for doesn’t allow us to conclude anything about whether someone is morally blameworthy.