Self-study
Support No member of the Richardson Theater Group is both a performer and an administrator. █████ ████ ███ █████ ███ ████ ███████ ██ ███ ██████████ ███████ █████ ███ ███████ ██ ██ ██████████████ ██ ███████ ████ ████ ███ ███████████
Method of Reasoning
The argument establishes a conditional relationship that applies to members of the Richardson Theater Group (if you’re a performer, then you’re not an administrator). It then concludes that two members meet the sufficient condition (being performers) because they meet the necessary condition (not being administrators).
Identify and Describe Flaw
This argument features the cookie-cutter flaw of confusing a necessary condition for a sufficient condition. Not being an administrator is necessary to be a performer, but it is not sufficient. As such, it’s entirely possible to be neither an administrator nor a performer. Members of the theater group could have some other job instead, like sound technician or usher.
9.
Which one of the following █████████ ████████ █ ██████ ███████ ██ █████████ ████ ███████ ██ ████ ██ ███ ████████ ██████
a
Not all of ███ █████████ ██ ███ ███████ ███████ ███ ████████ █████████ ██ ████ ████████ █████ ███ ██████ ███ ███ █████ ███ ████ ████████ █████████ ██ ███ ███████ ████████ ██ ███████ ████ ████ ███ ███ ███ ████ █████████ ██ ███ ███████ ████████
No flaw. (A) tells us that some employees at Tedenco are not salaried, and then validly concludes that two salaried employees can’t be the only people who work at Tedenco.
b
No employee of ███ ███████ ███████ ██ ████ ██ ██████████ ███ █ █████████ █████████ █████ ███ █████ ██ ████ ██ ██████████ ███ █ █████████ █████████ ██ ███████ ████ ███ ██ ███ ██ ████████ ██ ███ ███████ ████████
No flaw. (B) establishes a conditional relationship that applies to Tedenco employees: If you’re an accountant, then you’re not a corporate attorney. It then validly concludes that someone who fails to follow this conditional statement must not work for Tedenco.
c
No company can ████ ███ ████████████ ██ ████ ██████ ███ ███████ █████ ███████ ███ ██████ ███████ ███ ███ ███████ ███████ ███ ███ ████████████ ██ ███████ ██ ███████ ████ ████ ████ █████ ████████████ ██ ███████
(C) establishes a conditional relationship that applies to companies: If your headquarters are in Canada, they can’t also be in Mexico. It then invalidly concludes that two companies that meet the necessary condition (headquarters not being in Mexico) also meet the sufficient condition (headquarters being in Canada). The stimulus also concludes the presence of a sufficient condition because of the presence of a necessary condition, so (C) matches.
d
No corporate attorney ██████████ ████ ███ ██████ ███████ ███ ███ ███████ ████████ █████ ███ ██████ ██ █ █████████ ████████ ███ ██████████ ███ ██████ ████████ ██ ███████ ████ ███ ████ ███ ████ █████████ ███ ███████ ████████
No flaw. (D) establishes a conditional relationship that applies to corporate attorneys: If you represent Dumone, you can’t also represent Tedenco. It then validly concludes that the sufficient condition leads to the necessary condition.
e
No member of ███ █████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ██████ ███████ ██ ████ █ ██████ ██ ███ █████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ███████ ████████ █████ ███████ ███████ ███ █████ ████ ████ █████ ████████ ██ ███████ ████ ████ ██████ ████████ ███████ ██ █████ ███ ████████
No flaw. (E) tells us that there is no overlap between the members of two boards. It then validly concludes that both boards together must have at least ten members, since each board separately has at least five members.