Self-study
This year a flood devastated a small river town. ███████████ ████ █ █████ █████ █████████ ████ ██ ██████████ ██ ███ ██ █████ █ ████████ ██ ███ █████████ █████████████ █ ██████████ ████ ███ █████████ ████ ██ █ ███ █████ ███ ████ ██████████ ████ ███ ██ ███████ ██ █ ██████ ██████████ ███████████ ████ ██████ █████████████ ████ █ ████████ ██ ████ ███████ ████ ██████████ ██████ ███ ███ █████ ██ █ ██████ ███████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██████ ████ ███ ████████ ██ █████████ ████
Summary
A few years ago, some Hollyville residents helped send aid to victims of an earthquake. Last year, Hollyville was hit by a tornado and received aid from others. This year, after a flood hit a different town, most Hollyville residents sent aid to that town. The proportion of Hollyville residents who sent aid this year was much higher than the proportion that sent aid a few years ago, before Hollyville itself had been hit by a natural disaster.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
Hollyville’s receipt of aid after a tornado may have increased the proportion of Hollyville residents willing to donate to others after a natural disaster.
23.
The situation described above most ███████ ████████ ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ████████████████
a
People are more ██████ ██ ███ ██████ ████ ████ ████ ████ ███ ██ ███ ██████████
Unsupported. We don’t know whether any of the recipients of aid were known or strangers to the people who gave the aid. So there’s no evidence that people are more likely to aid people they know.
b
Those who have ████████ ███ ███ ████ ██████ ██ ██ ██ █████ ██ ██████████ ██████ ████████ ████ ███ █████ ███ ████ ████
Unsupported. The stimulus never mentions government relief programs or whether Hollyville residents became more likely to support such programs after receiving aid.
c
The amount of ███ ████ ███████ ██ █ ████████ ███████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ █████ ███ ████████ ██ ███████████
Unsupported. We don’t know the relationship between aid amount received and level of publicity. Although we know about the proportion of Hollyville residents who donated, that doesn’t tell us about the amount of aid received by the people to whom Hollyville donated. In addition, we don't know whether any of the disasters had varying levels of publicity.
d
Once a disaster ███ ██████ █████ ██████ ███ ████ ██████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ ████ ████ ████ ████ ██████ ███ █████████
Strongly supported. A higher proportion of Hollyville residents donated this year compared to a few years ago after Hollyville was hit by a natural disaster (tornado) last year and received aid from others.
e
People are more ██████ ██ ███ █████ ███ ████ ███████████ █ ████████ ███████ ██ ███ ████ ██████████ ████ ███████████ ████ ██ ███ █████ ███ ████ ███████████ █ ██████████ █████████
Unsupported. Hollyville experienced a tornado. Other towns experienced an earthquake and flooding. There’s no basis to say that a tornado is more similar to what Hollyville experienced than is an earthquake.