PT131.S3.Q4

PrepTest 131 - Section 3 - Question 4

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On a short trip a driver is more likely to have an accident if there is a passenger in the car, presumably because passengers distract drivers. ████████ ██ █ ████ ████ █ ██████ ██ ████ ██████ ██ ████ ██ ████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ ██████

Structure: Surprising Phenomenon

The author tells us that drivers are more likely to have accidents on short drives if there is a passenger in the car, and suggests a likely cause for this phenomenon: passengers distract drivers. But we're then told about another phenomenon that is surprising given the first one: on long trips, drivers are more likely to have accidents if they are alone.

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4.

Which one of the following, ██ █████ ████ █████ ██ ███████ ███ █████ █████████ ██████

a

People are much ████ ██████ ██ █████ █████ ██ █████ █████ ████ ██ ████ ██████
Incorrect. (A) just tells us that it's relatively rare for people to drive alone on long trips. But knowing how often people drive alone on short vs. long trips doesn't explain why people are more likely to crash when they are driving alone on long trips.
1%
b

Good drivers tend ██ ████ ████ ████ █████ ████ ███ ████████
Incorrect. Even if (B) is true, it doesn't explain why drivers are more likely to crash on long trips if they are alone versus if they are with passengers.
1%
c

The longer a ███ ████ ███ ███ ████ ██████ █ █████████ ██ ██ ████ ███ ██████ ████████ ██████████
Correct. This fits with what we pre-phrased above. As drives get longer, it might actually help to have passengers in the car, because they keep drivers alert. This explains why drivers on long trips are more likely to crash if they are alone and have no passengers to help them stay alert.
97%
d

On a long ████ ███ ██████████ ██ ██ ████████ ████ ███ ████████ ████ ████ ██████████ ██████████
Incorrect. Knowing that the chances of an accident don't increase "with each additional passenger" still doesn't tell us why, on long trips, drivers are most likely to crash when they are alone.
1%
e

Most drivers take ███ ████ █████ █████ ████ ████ ██████
Incorrect. The relative frequency of short versus long trips isn't relevant. We want to know why, among the long trips drivers take, they are most likely to crash on trips when they are alone, even though drivers are most likely to crash on short trips when they have passengers.
1%

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